Recent advances in cardanol chemistry in a nutshell: from a nut to nanomaterials

Abstract

This tutorial review could serve as an introduction of cardanol into the world of soft nanomaterials; it is a biobased lipid-mixture obtained from the plant Anacardium occidentale L. Cardanol is a renewable raw material derived from a byproduct of cashew nut processing industry: Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL). Cardanol is a rich mixture of non-isoprenoic phenolic compounds that is a valuable raw material for generating a variety of soft nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanofibers, gels and surfactants. These nanostructures may then serve as templates for the synthesis of additional nanomaterials. The wealth and diversity of cardanol-derived functional nanomaterials has urged us to present an article that will give readers a taste of a new class of cardanol-derived functional amphiphiles, along with their ability to generate hierarchical functional nanomaterials through non-covalent soft-chemical routes. In this concise review, we discuss selected examples of novel biobased surfactants, glycolipids, and polymers derived from cardanol, and their subsequent self-assembly into functional soft materials.

Synthesis of Phenoxyacyl-Ethanolamides and Their Effects on Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity

“…1, 1) or cardanol (2) and methylbromoacetate in the presence of K 2 CO 3 as a base and 2-butanone as a solvent to generate the desired PDP-methylester (3) or cardanolmethylester (4), (35,36). Amide bond formation of methylester by chemoselective reaction with ethanolamine as N-nucleophile in dry dichloromethane and triethylamine as base yielded the desired phenoxyacyl ethanolamides (5 and 6) in good yield and purity.…”

New aromatic amine based on cardanol giving new biobased epoxy networks with cardanol

“…Cardanol [12], extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), non-edible by-product of CNSL industries, is really a promising aromatic renewable source available in large quantity and would be suitable for food contact [13]. In previous works, cardanol was studied as it brings partial rigidity and good mechanical and thermal properties due to its aromatic ring.…”

Synthesis and characterization of nanoarchitectures from fatty acid derivatives of 2,6-diaminopyridine and 2-aminopyridine

“…The literature survey [29][30][31][32][33] reveals that tube-forming self-assembled molecular species requires unsaturation in the lipophilic moiety although, the evidence is limited. A recent study [34,35] of cardanol-based glycolipid also shows that glycolipid with unsaturated chain self-assembled into coiled or tubular structures by non-parallel chiral packing due to kink into alky chain's structure expressed by the cisdouble bond of the monoene, while the saturated analogue self-assembled into twisted fibers through parallel chiral packing. Based on our results from TEM and SEM images of compounds 3a-b and 6a-b, a molecular packing motif is proposed in (Fig.…”