Recent advances in chronic constipation

Walia, Ritu; Mahajan, Lori; Steffen, Rita

doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32832ff241

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Measuring dietary and water intake in mice may determine the level of constipation and the inhibitory effects of different substances on constipation. The definition of constipation includes infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stool (19,20). Constipation most commonly occurs when the stool moves too slowly (slow transit) as it passes through the digestive tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effect of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Zhao on Activated Carbon-Induced Constipation in Mice

Qian

Suo

et al. 2015

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum Zhao (LF-Zhao) on activated carbon-induced constipation in ICR mice. ICR mice were administered lactic acid bacteria by gavage for 9 d. Body weight, diet intake, drinking amount, stool status, gastrointestinal transit distance and stool time, in addition to motilin (MTL), gastrin (Gas), endothelin (ET), somatostatin (SS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in serum were monitored to evaluate the preventive effects of LF-Zhao on constipation. Bisacodyl, a laxative drug, was used as a positive control. Times to the first black stool for normal (untreated), control (no lactic acid bacteria treatment but activated carbon treated), bisacodyl-treated and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LB), LF-Zhao (L) (low concentration of 1310 8 CFU/mL)-and LF-Zhao (H) (high concentration of 1310 9 CFU/mL)-treated mice induced by activated carbon were 90, 218, 117, 180, 169 and 156 min, respectively. Following the consumption of LB, LF-Zhao (L) and LFZhao (H) or the oral administration of bisacodyl, the gastrointestinal transit distances were reduced by 55.2%, 61.3%, 70.6% and 94.6%, respectively. The serum levels of MTL, Gas, ET, AChE, SP and VIP were significantly increased and the serum levels of SS were reduced in the mice treated with LF-Zhao compared with those in the control mice (p,0.05). These results demonstrated that lactic acid bacteria demonstrate preventive effects on mouse constipation and that LF-Zhao alleviated constipation symptoms better than LB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effect of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Zhao on Activated Carbon-Induced Constipation in Mice

Qian

Suo

et al. 2015

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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“…Constipation is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as infrequent bowel movements, difficulty during defecation, and sensation of incomplete bowel evacuation [1-3]. Constipation is often caused by insufficient dietary fiber intake, inadequate fluid intake, decreased physical activity, side effects of medication, hypothyroidism, and obstruction by colorectal cancer [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats

Kim

Lee

Kwak

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

101

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BackgroundLiriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP).MethodsAlterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis.ResultsThe amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment.ConclusionThese results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.

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“…Affected children have lower fiber intake than healthy children [5,9] and increasing bran and fiber intake can ameliorate symptoms [10]. The evidence for the association between fiber intake and constipation is robust and increasing dietary fiber is accepted as one of the first treatment recommendations [11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high fiber snacks on digestive function and diet quality in a sample of school-age children

Brauchla

McCabe

Miller

et al. 2013

Nutr J

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BackgroundDietary fiber (DF) intake in American children is suboptimal, increasing the risk of GI distress and contributing to poor diet quality. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of introducing two high-fiber snacks per day on gastrointestinal function as well as nutrient and food group intake in healthy children ages 7–11 years old.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled prospective intervention study of children 7–11 years of age (n = 81) attending a rural Midwestern elementary school. Children were randomized by classroom to consume two high-fiber snacks per day (total of 10-12 g DF) or their usual snacks for 8 weeks. Participants completed two 24-hour dietary recalls and a questionnaire about their GI health at baseline, mid-intervention (week 4), and post-intervention. Dietary data was entered into NDSR 2011 and t-tests utilized to assess changes. Analyses were completed in SAS 9.2.ResultsChildren consumed at least half their snack 94% of the time when a snack was chosen (89% of time). Participants in both the intervention and control group had healthy scores on the GI health questionnaire at all time points. The intervention group increased DF (P = 0.0138) and whole grain (WG) intake (P = 0.0010) at mid-intervention but after the intervention returned to their baseline DF intake (P = 0.2205) and decreased their WG intake (P = 0.0420) compared to baseline. Eating high-fiber snacks increased DF intake by 2.5 g per day (21% increase), suggesting displacement of other fiber-rich foods.ConclusionsStudy results indicate that children accept high-fiber foods, thus making these high-fiber foods and snacks consistently available will increase DF intake.

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Recent advances in chronic constipation

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Preventive Effect of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Zhao on Activated Carbon-Induced Constipation in Mice

Preventive Effect of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> Zhao on Activated Carbon-Induced Constipation in Mice

Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats

The effect of high fiber snacks on digestive function and diet quality in a sample of school-age children

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