Recent Advances in Development of Natural Cellulosic Non-Woven Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Abstract

In recent years, tissue engineering researchers have exploited a variety of biomaterials that can potentially mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) for tissue regeneration. Natural cellulose, mainly obtained from bacterial (BC) and plant-based (PC) sources, can serve as a high-potential scaffold material for different regenerative purposes. Natural cellulose has drawn the attention of researchers due to its advantages over synthetic cellulose including its availability, cost effectiveness, perfusability, biocompatibility, negligible toxicity, mild immune response, and imitation of native tissues. In this article, we review recent in vivo and in vitro studies which aimed to assess the potential of natural cellulose for the purpose of soft (skin, heart, vein, nerve, etc.) and hard (bone and tooth) tissue engineering. Based on the current research progress report, it is sensible to conclude that this emerging field of study is yet to satisfy the clinical translation criteria, though reaching that level of application does not seem far-fetched.

Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living

“…HA is fully resorbable, with a degradation rate of a few hours to days (according to the body location) when not cross-linked. Other polysaccharides of interest for medical applications are chitosan which presents mucoadhesive properties ( Dash et al, 2011 ), cellulosics ( Aghazadeh et al, 2022 ), and alginate ( Zhang et al, 2023 ). Though they display high biocompatibility and are degradable, only a few of their derivatives, such as oxidized cellulose and oxidized alginate, appear resorbable.…”

Parameter Optimization of Plant-based Decellularized Scaffold for Biomedical Applications Using Response Surface Methodology

“…Hemicellulose (25.80-12.00%), lignin (39.10-17.00%), and cellulose (21.90-32.56%) make up the majority of the material. [4] The future uses for this biosurfactant will rely on how cost-effectively it can be generated. In this aspect, the experimental design offers more clarity when examining the effect of probable process-affecting factors.…”

In vitro modeling of hepatocellular carcinoma niche on decellularized tomato thorny leaves: a novel natural three-dimensional (3D) scaffold for liver cancer therapeutics

“…A plant tissue can be decellularized by chemical methods and the remining cellulose skeleton can act as a scaffold for mammalian cell culture. The decellularized plant tissue is in fact a promising 3D scaffold superior to the synthetic polymer nonwovens or the scaffolds that can be obtained from animals with reported side effects ( Aghazadeh et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Due to biocompatibility, permeability, and eco-friendliness, various cellulose scaffolds can support a large variety of mammalian cells and therefore are suitable to study cell-drug responses ( Luo et al, 2019 ; Salehi et al, 2020a ; Salehi et al, 2020b ; Phan et al, 2020 ; Aghazadeh et al, 2022 ). For instance, the research on cancer cells describes the possibility of mechano-regulation of the prostate cancer (PC3) cells and the melanoma (SK-MEL-28) cells cultured on the scaffolds made from decellularized spinach leaf in contrast to the cells cultured on a rigid conventional cell culture platform.…”