Recent advances in electrocatalytic seawater splitting

Design Strategy of Corrosion-Resistant Electrodes for Seawater Electrolysis

“…The electrolysis of natural seawater is generally analogous to that of conventional water electrolysis, except the two methods use different electrolytes. When the electrolyzer operates in seawater, a large number of active ions, such as Na + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and Cl − , in seawater ( Figure 2 ) will seriously hinder water splitting [ 19 , 37 , 38 ], especially for the OER process. For example, Cl − is considered the main competitor in the oxidation process, owing to its high concentration and standard redox potential, which makes it prone to accrue a chlorine evolution reaction (CER) in the electrochemical process [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

“…In addition, Cl − has a very complex reaction process in the electrochemical process, which is influenced by pH value, potential and Cl − concentration. As shown in Figure 3 , Strasser et al [ 38 ] found that a CER tended to produce chlorine gas when the pH value of the anode was lower than three. When the pH is greater than 7.5, hypochlorite is more easily generated.…”

MXene‐based Materials for Water Splitting: Synthesis and Modification

“…Owing to their wide surface area and rich terminal group types, the surface of MXene materials can be bonded with several different types of materials, such as transition metal oxides (TiO 2 , [75][76] SnO 2 , [77] Co 3 O 4 [78][79] and so on), transition metal sulphides (MoS 2 , [80] NiS 2 , [81] TiS 2 [82][83] and so on), transition metal hydroxides (Ni(OH) 2 ) [84] and transition metal phosphates (Ni 2 P, [85] CoP [86] and NiCoP) [87][88] to prepare several novel MXene composites with different properties and applications.…”

Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Activity of Cobaloxime Metallolinker in the UU-100(Co) Metal–Organic Framework toward the H2 Evolution Reaction: A DFT Study

“…28 Some cobalt metal-based porphyrin complexes have been observed as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and OER. 29 In recent years, researchers found that the earth-abundant transition metals like Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and so forth, with their complexes, 11,30 could be a substitution of precious metal Pt. 24,31 Several Co cluster-based MOFs have been revealed as a potential electrocatalyst for the HER.…”

“…Some cobalt metal-based porphyrin complexes have been observed as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and OER . In recent years, researchers found that the earth-abundant transition metals like Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, and so forth, with their complexes, , could be a substitution of precious metal Pt. , Several Co cluster-based MOFs have been revealed as a potential electrocatalyst for the HER. , Recently, Chen et al synthesized a series of Co and Co/Fe mixed THT-based (2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexathiolate) MOFs, and they experimentally explored the HER process with a lower Tafel slope in an aqueous medium . According to their study, Co behaves as a better active site than Fe in the electrocatalytic HER.…”