Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Fullerene‐C60 Nano‐structured Platforms

Abstract

Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important in the field of (bio)sensors. The performance and sensitivity of biosensors is greatly improved with the integration of nanomaterials into their construction. Since its first discovery, fullerene-C60 has been the object of extensive research. Its unique and favorable characteristics of easy chemical modification, conductivity, and electrochemical properties has led to its tremendous use in (bio)sensor applications. This paper provides a concise review of advances in fullerene-C60 research and its use as a nanomaterial for the development of biosensors. We examine the research work reported in the literature on the synthesis, functionalization, approaches to nanostructuring electrodes with fullerene, and outline some of the exciting applications in the field of (bio)sensing.

Engineered nanomaterials: From their properties and applications, to their toxicity towards marine bivalves in a changing environment

“…As a consequence of their properties, C 60 fullerenes are exploited in a growing number of products and applications such as biosensors (Gavalas & Chaniotakis, 2000;Zhang et al, 2013;Afreen et al, 2015;Pilehvar & De Wael, 2015), adsorption electrodes (Noked et al, 2011), screen printed systems (Petrik et al, 2010;Palanisamy et al, 2015), as well as solar cells (Brabec et al, 1999;Shaheen et al, 2001), printing technologies (Dzwilewski et al, 2009;Lawes et al, 2015), and electronic applications (mobile telephones, microwave and other devices) (Coro et al, 2016).…”

Nanotechnology: a revolution in targeted drug delivery

“…40 For example, these nanotubes help to identify Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) changes associated with cancer and location of the mutations. Carbon nanotubes are classified 41 as multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs) or single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNT is a single-rolled graphene and MWNT are nanotubes where multiple layers of graphite are rolled around one another to form a tubular shape.…”

Nano-carbons in biosensor applications: an overview of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (C60)

“…Nano biosensors based on nanomaterials have significant advantages, including improved physical, chemical and biological properties, depending on the high surface area and small particle size [6]. Especially carbon nanomaterials offering a serious potential as a support matrix in the design of biosensors have simple procedures such as low background flow, surface regeneration capability, low-cost synthesis [7,8]. For this reason, in the past two years, we know that different carbon allotropes such as primarily CNTs [9][10][11], graphene [12,13], fullerenes [14,15], carbon dots [16,17], carbon black [18], and nano-diamonds [19,20] play a very important role in the provision of the specific properties desired features in biosensors.…”

“…Among the nano-carbons recommended for use as electrochemical transducers in biosensor applications, fullerene and CNTs are notable for their easy enzyme immobilization and reproducible electrochemical behavior [7,8]. Since the discovery of the Fullerene (C 60 ) due to its extraordinary properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers.…”

“…Since the discovery of the Fullerene (C 60 ) due to its extraordinary properties, it has attracted the attention of many researchers. It is known that Fullerene has great potential for use in biosensor applications due to its easy chemical modification, high conductivity, and electrochemical properties, unique and useful properties [7]. It can be claimed that these features distinguish the fullerene from the other members of the nanocarbon family which offer many advantages.…”