Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chitosan-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors: Applications in Food Safety

Petrucci, Rita; Pasquali, Marco; Scaramuzzo, Francesca A.; Curulli, Antonella

doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0700.v1

2021

DOI: 10.20944/preprints202106.0700.v1

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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chitosan-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors: Applications in Food Safety

Rita Petrucci¹,

Marco Pasquali²,

Francesca A. Scaramuzzo³

et al.

Abstract: Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin. It is a non-toxic, biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable polymer. Due to its properties, chitosan has found applications in several and different fields such as agriculture, food industry, medicine, paper fabrication, textile industry, and water treatment. In addition to these properties, chitosan has a good film-forming ability which allows it to be widely used for the development of sensors and biosensors. This review is focused on the use of chitosan for t… Show more

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Cited by 10 publications

References 95 publications

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A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Assessing Antioxidant Activity

Munteanu

Apetrei

2022

Antioxidants

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Currently, there is growing interest in screening and quantifying antioxidants from biological samples in the quest for natural and effective antioxidants to combat free radical-related pathological complications. Antioxidants play an important role in human health and provide a defense against many diseases. Due to the valuable dietary role of these compounds, the analysis and determination of their amount in food is of particular importance. In recent years, many attempts have been made to provide simple, fast, and economical analytical approaches for the on-site detection and determination of antioxidant activity in food antioxidants. In this regard, electrochemical sensors and biosensors are considered promising tools for antioxidant research due to their high sensitivity, fast response time, and ease of miniaturization; thus, they are used in a variety of fields, including food analysis, drug screening, and toxicity research. Herein, we review the recent advances in sensors and biosensors for the detection of antioxidants, underlying principles, and emphasizing advantages, along with limitations regarding the ability to discriminate between the specific antioxidant or quantifying total antioxidant content. In this work, both direct and indirect methods for antioxidants detecting with electrochemical sensors and biosensors are analyzed in detail. This review aims to prove how electrochemical sensors and biosensors represent reliable alternatives to conventional methods for antioxidant analysis.

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A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Assessing Antioxidant Activity

Munteanu

Apetrei

2022

Antioxidants

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Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

et al. 2022

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The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase (Tyr)-based biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) for total catecholamine (CA) detection in human urine samples. ChitNPs were synthetized according to an ionic gelation process and successively characterized by SEM and EDX techniques. The screen-printed graphene electrode was prepared by a two-step drop-casting method of: (i) ChitNPS; and (ii) Tyr enzyme. Optimization of the electrochemical platform was performed in terms of the loading method of Tyr on ChitNPs (nanoprecipitation and layer-by-layer), enzyme concentration, and enzyme immobilization with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. The Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, as evidenced by its high biocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, EP, and NEP to the relative o-quinone derivatives electrochemically reduced at the modified electrode. The resulting Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs-based biosensor performs interference-free total catecholamine detection, expressed as a DA concentration, with a very low LOD of 0.17 μM, an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 μA μM−1 cm−2, good stability, and a fast response time (3 s). The performance of the biosensor was successively assessed in human urine samples, showing satisfactory results and, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for analyzing total CA in physiological samples.

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Tailoring Lignin-Based Spherical Particles as a Support for Lipase Immobilization

et al. 2022

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Lignin-based spherical particles have recently gained popularity due to their characteristic and the usage of biopolymeric material. In this study, lignin-based spherical particles were prepared using choline chloride at different pH values, ranging from 2 to 10. Their dispersive, microstructural, and physicochemical properties were studied by a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The best results were obtained for the particles prepared at pH 5 and 7, which had a spherical shape without a tendency to form aggregates and agglomerates. The lignin-based spherical particles were used for the immobilization of lipase, a model enzyme capable of catalyzing a wide range of transformations. It was shown that the highest relative activity of immobilized lipase was obtained after 24 h of immobilization at 30 °C and pH 7, using 100 mg of the support. Moreover, the immobilized lipase exhibited enhanced stability under harsh process conditions, and demonstrated high reusability, up to 87% after 10 cycles, depending on the support used. In the future, the described approach to enzyme immobilization based on lignin spheres may play a significant role in the catalytic synthesis of organic and fine chemicals, with high utility value.

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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chitosan-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors: Applications in Food Safety

Cited by 10 publications

References 95 publications

A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Assessing Antioxidant Activity

A Review on Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Used in Assessing Antioxidant Activity

Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

Tailoring Lignin-Based Spherical Particles as a Support for Lipase Immobilization

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