Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chitosan-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors: Applications in Food Safety

Petrucci, Rita; Pasquali, Marco; Scaramuzzo, Francesca A.; Curulli, Antonella

doi:10.3390/chemosensors9090254

Cited by 35 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Figure 2 shows the cyclic voltammograms of DA in the absence (ChitNPs/GPH/SPE, black line) and the presence of Tyr enzyme immobilized by the Np method (Np-Tyr/ChitNPs/GPH/SPE, red line), and the LbL method (LbL-Tyr/ChitNPs/GPH/SPE, blue line) in comparison with Tyr enzyme immobilized on a simple layer of unstructured chitosan (Tyr/Chit/GPH/SPE, green line) deposited by a drop-casting method. Two well-defined redox peaks, due to the oxidation/reduction of DA, are clearly visible on the bare electrode (black curve) without Tyr, while no redox peaks are present with the Tyr/Chit/GPH/SPE electrode (green curve), attesting to the lower conductivity of the unstructured chitosan layer [ 45 ] compared with nanostructured chitosan. A similar result was obtained by recording the CVs of DA on a chitosan-modified electrode in the absence of Tyr enzyme (Chit/GPH/SPE).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common approaches utilized for Tyr immobilization include carbon paste immobilization [ 42 ], sol–gel immobilization [ 43 ], entrapment within electropolymerized conducting polymers [ 37 ], and physical adsorption [ 44 ]. A considerable amount of attention has been paid to the use of chitosan (Chit), a polysaccharidic biopolymer composed of glucosamine with proper surface functional groups for biological/chemical binding and/or rapid adsorption [ 45 , 46 ]. It has found a great deal of applicability in sensing applications because of its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost [ 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable amount of attention has been paid to the use of chitosan (Chit), a polysaccharidic biopolymer composed of glucosamine with proper surface functional groups for biological/chemical binding and/or rapid adsorption [ 45 , 46 ]. It has found a great deal of applicability in sensing applications because of its non-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost [ 45 ]. Thanks to its polycationic character, chitosan can lock negatively charged proteins by charge attractions and hydrogen-bond interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

et al. 2022

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The regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and some brain-related behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression, are strictly dependent on the levels of the main catecholamines of clinical interest, dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP). Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to accurately monitor them in biological fluids for early diagnosis of the diseases related to their abnormal levels. In this paper, we present the first tyrosinase (Tyr)-based biosensor based on chitosan nanoparticles (ChitNPs) for total catecholamine (CA) detection in human urine samples. ChitNPs were synthetized according to an ionic gelation process and successively characterized by SEM and EDX techniques. The screen-printed graphene electrode was prepared by a two-step drop-casting method of: (i) ChitNPS; and (ii) Tyr enzyme. Optimization of the electrochemical platform was performed in terms of the loading method of Tyr on ChitNPs (nanoprecipitation and layer-by-layer), enzyme concentration, and enzyme immobilization with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as cross-linking agents. The Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs nanocomposite showed good conductivity and biocompatibility with Tyr enzyme, as evidenced by its high biocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, EP, and NEP to the relative o-quinone derivatives electrochemically reduced at the modified electrode. The resulting Tyr/EDC-NHS/ChitNPs-based biosensor performs interference-free total catecholamine detection, expressed as a DA concentration, with a very low LOD of 0.17 μM, an excellent sensitivity of 0.583 μA μM−1 cm−2, good stability, and a fast response time (3 s). The performance of the biosensor was successively assessed in human urine samples, showing satisfactory results and, thus, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed biosensor for analyzing total CA in physiological samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

et al. 2022

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“…This review is focused on the application of different gold-based nanomaterials for electrochemical biosensing and sensing systems to detect particular and significant antioxidants, both natural and synthetic. In the literature, several recent reviews are focused on the application of nanomaterials in the electrochemical (bio)sensing area and beyond [ 4 , 6 , 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] for the detection of different analytes, including antioxidants. It should be stressed, however, that their focus is mainly on the application of carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, among others, with minor attention paid to the application of gold-based nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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Antioxidants play a central role in the development and production of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, to reduce oxidative processes in the human body. Among them, phenolic antioxidants are considered even more efficient than other antioxidants. They are divided into natural and synthetic. The natural antioxidants are generally found in plants and their synthetic counterparts are generally added as preventing agents of lipid oxidation during the processing and storage of fats, oils, and lipid-containing foods: All of them can exhibit different effects on human health, which are not always beneficial. Because of their relevant bioactivity and importance in several sectors, such as agro-food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic, it is crucial to have fast and reliable analysis Rmethods available. In this review, different examples of gold nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensors used for the rapid and selective detection of phenolic compounds are analyzed and discussed, evidencing the important role of gold nanomaterials, and including systems with or without specific recognition elements, such as biomolecules, enzymes, etc. Moreover, a selection of gold nanomaterials involved in the designing of this kind of (bio)sensor is reported and critically analyzed. Finally, advantages, limitations, and potentialities for practical applications of gold nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for detecting phenolic antioxidants are discussed.

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“…Cs has a good film-forming ability, which allows it to be widely used for the development of biosensors. Cs can be used as an immobilization platform for biomolecules in electrochemical and optical biosensors [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Chitosan for Dopamine Biosensing

Omar

Bayoumy

Aly

2022

JFB

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Detecting biological structures via a rapid and facile method has become a pronounced point of research. Dopamine (DA) detection is critical for the early diagnosis of a variety of neurological diseases/disorders. A study on the real-time optical detection of DA is described here using graphene oxide (GO) functionalized with chitosan (Cs). Hence, a computational model dependent on a high theoretical level density functional theory (DFT) using the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model is carried out to study the physical as well as electronic properties of the proposed interaction between GO functionalized with Cs and its interaction with DA. GO functionalized with a Cs biopolymer was verified as having much higher stability and reactivity. Moreover, the addition of DA to functionalized GO yields structures with the same stability and reactivity. This ensures that GO-Cs is a stable structure with a strong interaction with DA, which is energetically preferred. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) calculation maps indicated that the impact of an interaction between GO and Cs increases the number of electron clouds at the terminals, ensuring the great ability of this composite when interacting with DA. Hence, these calculations and experimental results support the feasibility of using GO functionalized with Cs as a DA biosensor.

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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chitosan-Based Chemosensors and Biosensors: Applications in Food Safety

Cited by 35 publications

References 113 publications

Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

Novel Amperometric Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Interference-Free Detection of Total Catecholamine

Gold Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Phenolic Antioxidants Detection: Recent Advances

Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Chitosan for Dopamine Biosensing

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