Recent advances in g-C3N4composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO2reduction

Que, Meidan; Cai, Weihua; Chen, Jin; Zhu, Liangliang; Yang, Yawei

doi:10.1039/d0nr09177d

Cited by 89 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…7). [104][105][106] As can be seen from Fig. 7(a), for the type-II heterojunctions, the CB and VB levels of the semiconductor (SC) 2 are higher than the corresponding levels of the SC1.…”

Section: Creation Of Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The unavailing photogenerated carriers are dissipated via recombination, and the electrons with stronger reduction activity in the CB of the SC2 and the holes in the VB of the SC1 are involved in photocatalysis. 106 The development of heterojunctions based on MOFs with other semiconductors may become the most promising route for the preparation of highly active photocatalysts. This assumption is explained by the following factors:…”

Section: Creation Of Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Belousov

Fukina

Koryagin

2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered one of the most attractive alternative routes to transforming naturally abundant, clean, and sustainable solar energy into chemical energy. Nowadays, the most popular heterogeneous photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, has already found applications for water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, for the degradation of organic pollutants, for air purification, and for the creation of self‐cleaning coatings. However, TiO2 has a significant limitation: a large band gap (3.0–3.4 eV) that makes it impossible to use anything other than ultraviolet illumination to initiate photocatalytic processes. With a focus on efficient solar‐energy utilization, the development of new photocatalysts that are sensitive to visible light is an important direction in the theory and practice of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this regard, the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an attractive route; they have emerged as an interesting class of materials for applications in photoreactions due to their flexible tunability in composition, structure, and functional properties, along with their facilitated adsorption towards chemicals and their efficient light absorption. Moreover, they can be composed with other semiconductors to produce heterojunctions (e.g., type‐II, Z‐scheme, and S‐scheme), whose effectiveness in photogenerated charge separation has already been proven by many examples. The present critical review reports progress over the last 5 years in the preparation and activity of metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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“…7). [104][105][106] As can be seen from Fig. 7(a), for the type-II heterojunctions, the CB and VB levels of the semiconductor (SC) 2 are higher than the corresponding levels of the SC1.…”

Section: Creation Of Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Creation Of Heterojunctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Belousov

Fukina

Koryagin

2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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show abstract

“…As mentioned in Section 3.4, the limitation of the type‐II heterojunction structure lies in its weakened redox ability as the reduction reaction takes place on the semiconductor with the lower CB, whereas the oxidation reaction occurs on the semiconductor with the higher VB 73 . To overcome this shortcoming, the Z‐scheme heterojunction system was proposed, in which the electrons with low reduction ability are easily quenched by the holes.…”

Section: Co2 Reduction Performance Of G‐c3n4‐based Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar‐powered chemistry: Engineering low‐dimensional carbon nitride‐based nanostructures for selective CO₂ conversion to C₁C₂ products

Foo

Ong

2022

InfoMat

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CO2 capture and conversion has been prospected as an auspicious technology to simultaneously tackle the rise in global CO2 emission and produce value‐added fuels with the goal of accomplishing carbon neutrality. A sustainable route to achieve this is via the utilization of solar energy, thereby harnessing the abundant and nonexhaustive resource to shift our reliance away from rapidly depleting fossil fuels. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and its allotrope have earned its rank as a fascinating metal‐free photocatalyst due to its superior stability, high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, and tunable surface engineering. By leveraging these properties, robust carbon nitride‐based nanostructures are engineered for photocatalytic CO2 conversion to energy‐rich C1C2 product, which is indispensable in the chemical industry. Thus, this review presents the latest panorama of experimental and computational research on tuning the local electronic, surface chemical coordination environment, charge dynamics and optical properties of low‐dimensional carbon nitride and its allotropes toward highly selective and efficient CO2 photoconversion. To name a few, structural engineering, point‐defect engineering, heterojunction construction, and cocatalyst loading. To advance this frontier, critical insights are elucidated to establish the structure‐performance relationship and unravel primary factors dictating the selectivity of C1C2 molecules from CO2 reduction. External‐field assisted photocatalysis such as with electric (photoelectro‐) and heat (photothermal) is discussed to uncover the synergistic contributions that drive the development in photochemistry. Last, future challenges and prospects are outlined for the potential application of solar‐driven CO2 conversion, along with the scale‐up strategy from the economic viewpoint toward the rational development of high‐efficiency carbon nitride catalysts.

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“…2D g-C 3 N 4 -based scaffolds have been demonstrated for decades as potential photoactive components owing to their suitable band structure, feasible fabrication recipe, abundant active sites on the surface, and shorter diffusion length. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Alternatively, ZnO as a wide bandgap semiconductor with good chemical and mechanical Photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 into useful products is a promising technology from environmental and economic viewpoints. However, the efficiency of current photocatalytic materials is still unsatisfactory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPR Investigation on Electron Transfer of 2D/3D g‐C₃N₄/ZnO S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced CO₂ Photoreduction

Sayed

Zhu

Kuang

et al. 2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

147

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Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into useful products is a promising technology from environmental and economic viewpoints. However, the efficiency of current photocatalytic materials is still unsatisfactory. In this work, a robust S‐scheme heterojunction composed of 3D ZnO hollow spheres wrapped by 2D g‐C3N4 layers is fabricated. The electrostatic attraction between both components not only facilitates the exfoliation of g‐C3N4 layers but also strengthens the photocatalyst framework. The prepared g‐C3N4/ZnO photocatalyst afforded an enhanced CH4 production rate, which is ≈40 and 7 times higher than those of pure ZnO and g‐C3N4, respectively. The improved activity is attributed to the extended light absorption and suppressed charge carrier recombination. Moreover, apart from traditional techniques, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is used to probe charge movement in the fabricated S‐scheme heterojunction. An observable shift of the relevant EPR peak is noticed after the construction of g‐C3N4/ZnO heterostructure, indicating the electron transfer process. This study sheds light on S‐scheme heterojunctions as efficient candidates for CO2 photocatalytic conversion.

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Recent advances in g-C₃N₄composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO₂reduction

Abstract: Studies of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels, as a promising solution to alleviate global warming and energy issues, are booming in recent years. Researchers have focused interest on...

Cited by 89 publications

References 194 publications

Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Solar‐powered chemistry: Engineering low‐dimensional carbon nitride‐based nanostructures for selective CO₂ conversion to C₁C₂ products

EPR Investigation on Electron Transfer of 2D/3D g‐C₃N₄/ZnO S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced CO₂ Photoreduction

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Recent advances in g-C3N4composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO2reduction

Abstract: Studies of photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels, as a promising solution to alleviate global warming and energy issues, are booming in recent years. Researchers have focused interest on...

Cited by 89 publications

References 194 publications

Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances

Solar‐powered chemistry: Engineering low‐dimensional carbon nitride‐based nanostructures for selective CO2 conversion to C1C2 products

EPR Investigation on Electron Transfer of 2D/3D g‐C3N4/ZnO S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction

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Product

Resources

About

Recent advances in g-C₃N₄composites within four types of heterojunctions for photocatalytic CO₂reduction

Solar‐powered chemistry: Engineering low‐dimensional carbon nitride‐based nanostructures for selective CO₂ conversion to C₁C₂ products

EPR Investigation on Electron Transfer of 2D/3D g‐C₃N₄/ZnO S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Enhanced CO₂ Photoreduction