Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers

Abstract

Recent progress in nanotechnology has provided high-performance nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization. Nanobiocatalysts combining enzymes and nanocarriers are drawing increasing attention because of their high catalytic performance, enhanced stabilities, improved enzyme-substrate affinities, and reusabilities. Many studies have been performed to investigate the efficient use of cellulose nanocrystals, polydopamine-based nanomaterials, and synthetic polymer nanogels for enzyme immobilization. Various nanobiocatalysts are highlighted in this review, with the emphasis on the design, preparation, properties, and potential applications of nanoscale enzyme carriers and nanobiocatalysts.

Biocatalysis and Strategies for Enzyme Improvement

“…The top directive terms included: gold nanoparticles, meso-porous silica, magnetic nanoparticles, response surface methodology, glucose biosensor, and cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) [74]. It is evident, that immobilization on nano-particles, nano-fibers, and nano-gels is a field of special interest, due to high adaptability, high retention of activity, and effortless enzyme separation and recycling [49,87]. The main advantage of nanostructures is their high surface to volume ratio, where decreasing size of the carrier allows progressive exposure of the enzyme to reaction media, making nano-immobilization a method of choice for development of powerful enzyme-based fuel cells [88].…”

Magnetic separation and high reusability of chloroperoxidase entrapped in multi polysaccharide micro-supports

“…Nevertheless, in some cases its use on large scale could be a complicated issue due to catalyst sensitivity to reaction conditions and high costs of enzyme production [1]. These limitations can be overcome through enzyme immobilization on solid supports to allow the recovery and reuse of the catalytic system [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The improved stability of the enzyme to environmental conditions, i.e.…”

“…An improvement in enzyme stability and catalytic performances can be obtained through enzyme immobilization on nanoparticles, probably rigidifying them and preventing their denaturation in the recycling process. Among all kinds of nanoparticles, magnetic ones offer a great advantage for the applicability of the catalytic system on large scale, since they can be easily separated from the medium at the end of reaction process and recovered for their reuse thanks to their fast response to an applied magnetic field [2][3][4][5]. In the last few decades, they have acquired importance as carrier for binding proteins, enzymes, antibodies and drugs, for biomedical and biotechnological applications [2,[9][10][11].…”

Preparation of a Nanobiocatalyst by Efficiently ImmobilizingAspergillus nigerLipase onto Magnetic Metal–Biomolecule Frameworks (BioMOF)

“…Enzyme carriers play an important role in all these four enzyme immobilization techniques. A suitable enzyme carrier can simplify the enzyme immobilization process and promote the catalytic performance and stability . Generally, an ideal carrier material should possess the following requirements: 1) high specific surface area; 2) good mechanical strength together with good thermal and chemical stability; 3) good biocompatibility; 4) high enzyme‐loading capability; 5) good recyclability.…”