Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Khorasanchi, Adam; Wu, Richard; Kendra, Kari; Verschraegen, Claire

doi:10.3390/cancers14215325

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In addition, the treatment choice for SLNB-positive patients is still a matter of debate. Furthermore, novel drugs have been rapidly emerging for treatment of not only melanoma but also nonmelanoma skin cancers [ 139 , 140 ]. Therefore, further, high-quality studies including randomized clinical trials in accordance with these novel drugs are necessary to determine the significance of SLNB for prognosis and appropriate methods or treatment according to the SLN status in skin cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer Based on Clinical Studies

Ishizuki

Nakamura

2023

Cancers

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The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node from the primary tumor. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a surgical procedure that can detect occult nodal metastasis with relatively low morbidity. It may also have a therapeutic effect via regional disease control. The Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy-I (MSLT-I) trial revealed a prognostic benefit from SLNB in melanoma patients. However, it remains unclear whether there is a prognostic benefit from SLNB in patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer owing to a lack of randomized prospective studies. Nevertheless, SLNB provides important information about nodal status, which is one of the strongest factors to predict prognosis and may guide additional nodal treatment. Currently, SLNB is widely used in the management of not only patients with melanoma but also those with nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, the utilization and outcomes of SLNB differ among skin cancers. In addition, SLNB is not recommended for routine use in all patients with skin cancer. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of SLNB and of the indications for SLNB in each skin cancer based on previously published articles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer Based on Clinical Studies

Ishizuki

Nakamura

2023

Cancers

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“…One randomized trial including a cisplatin‐based regimen showed an ORR of 34% 22–24 . The major disadvantages of these cytotoxic regimens are low clinical efficacy with a short response duration and increased toxicity 25 . Likewise, several types of EGFR inhibitors have been prospectively investigated but have shown equivalent clinical efficacies compared with cytotoxic regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24] The major disadvantages of these cytotoxic regimens are low clinical efficacy with a short response duration and increased toxicity. 25 Likewise, several types of EGFR inhibitors have been prospectively investigated but have shown equivalent clinical efficacies compared with cytotoxic regimens. First, the efficacy of cetuximab was investigated in a phase II study, demonstrating an ORR of 28%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Favorable efficacy of S‐1 treatment for locoregionally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region

Izumi,

Teramoto,

Kamimura

et al. 2023

The Journal of Dermatology

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Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is usually treated with surgery; however, locoregionally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma can be difficult to resect. Although recent guidelines from Western countries recommend using anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) antibodies, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, there are no approved anti–PD‐1 antibodies for locoregional cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in Asian countries. S‐1 is an oral drug with a low incidence of severe toxicity that can be used for head and neck cancers, including head and neck locoregional cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, in Japan. We retrospectively evaluated patients with head and neck locoregional cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with S‐1 at two Japanese institutions (2008–2022). The initial dosage was determined by the body surface area (<1.25 m2: 80 mg/day, 1.25–1.5 m2: 100 mg/day, ≥1.5 m2: 120 mg/day) for 28 consecutive days. The outcome measures were objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Fourteen patients were included. The ORR was 78%, and the complete response (CR) rate was 64.3%. The median PFS and OS were not reached (NR) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9 months–NR) and NR (95% CI, 13.8 months–NR), respectively. The 12‐month PFS and OS rates were 51% and 85%, respectively. Six of the nine patients who achieved CR showed no recurrence during the follow‐up period (median follow‐up, 24.7 months). After CR, three patients experienced recurrence. Among these, two resumed S‐1 treatment and subsequently underwent salvage surgery, resulting in a sustained absence of recurrence. One patient developed lung metastasis and died, although S‐1 therapy was resumed. Only one patient (7.1%) developed grade 3 anemia. S‐1 showed favorable efficacy and low toxicity in patients with head and neck locoregionally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. S‐1 may be a good alternative to the anti–PD‐1 antibody for treating head and neck locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma.

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Sumo-regulatory SENP2 controls the homeostatic squamous mitosis-differentiation checkpoint

Galán-Vidal,

García-Gaipo,

Molinuevo

et al. 2024

Cell Death Dis

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Squamous or epidermoid cancer arises in stratified epithelia but also is frequent in the non-epidermoid epithelium of the lung by unclear mechanisms. A poorly studied mitotic checkpoint drives epithelial cells bearing irreparable genetic damage into epidermoid differentiation. We performed an RNA-sequencing gene search to target unknown regulators of this response and selected the SUMO regulatory protein SENP2. Alterations of SENP2 expression have been associated with some types of cancer. We found the protein to be strongly localised to mitotic spindles of freshly isolated human epidermal cells. Primary cells rapidly differentiated after silencing SENP2 with specific shRNAs. Loss of SENP2 produced in synchronised epithelial cells delays in mitotic entry and exit and defects in chromosomal alignment. The results altogether strongly argue for an essential role of SENP2 in the mitotic spindle and hence in controlling differentiation. In addition, the expression of SENP2 displayed an inverse correlation with the immuno-checkpoint biomarker PD-L1 in a pilot collection of aggressive lung carcinomas. Consistently, metastatic head and neck cancer cells that do not respond to the mitosis-differentiation checkpoint were resistant to depletion of SENP2. Our results identify SENP2 as a novel regulator of the epithelial mitosis-differentiation checkpoint and a potential biomarker in epithelial cancer.

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Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer Based on Clinical Studies

Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Skin Cancer Based on Clinical Studies

Favorable efficacy of S‐1 treatment for locoregionally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region

Sumo-regulatory SENP2 controls the homeostatic squamous mitosis-differentiation checkpoint

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