Recent advances in liver transplantation for cancer: The future of transplant oncology

Abstract

Liver transplantation is widely indicated as a curative treatment for selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, with recent therapeutic advances, as well as efforts to increase the donor pool, liver transplantation has been carefully expanded to patients with other primary or secondary malignancies in the liver. Cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal and neuroendocrine liver metastases, and hepatic epithelioid haemangioendothelioma are amongst the most relevant new indications. In this review we discuss the fundamental concepts of this ambitious undertaking, as well as the newest indications for liver transplantation, with a special focus on future perspectives within the recently established concept of transplant oncology.

NNLO QCD corrections to three-photon production at the LHC

“…[11]; its leading color approximation can be found in ref. [39]. We work in a theory with 5 massless active quark flavors and renormalize the amplitudes accordingly.…”

“…Thanks to the development of various new methods [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], first results for selected helicities, color structures or kinematics (typically Euclidean) have started to appear. This includes 5-point amplitudes computed in QCD [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], in pure Yang-Mills [45][46][47], in supersymmetric theories [48][49][50][51] and in gravity [52][53][54]. In this work we calculate the two-loop amplitude qq → γγγ which is the first time a 5-point two-loop QCD amplitude is derived explicitly, in analytic form, in the physical region.…”

n -point QCD two-loop amplitude

“…In [11], it was shown how four-dimensional unitarity techniques could be used to regenerate the five-point leading in color amplitude. The leading in color five-point amplitudes have been computed for the remaining helicities [12,13]. Full color amplitudes are significantly more complicated requiring a larger class of master integrals incorporating non-planar integrals [14,15].…”

Analytic Form of the Full Two-Loop Five-Gluon All-Plus Helicity Amplitude

“…Important progress was made most recently on both issues, with the development and application of efficient integral reduction techniques, either analytical [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or semi-numerical [15,16], as well as with the computation of the two-loop five-point functions for planar [17][18][19] and non-planar [20,21] integral topologies. The latter developments already have led to first results for two-loop five-point amplitudes in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory [22,23] and supergravity [24,25].…”

“…The recent progress enabled the computation of the full set of the leading-color two-loop corrections to the five-parton amplitudes, represented in a semi-numerical form [10,[26][27][28]. These results are establishing the technical methodology, their evaluation is however too inefficient for practical use in the computation of collider cross sections.…”