Recent advances in nanomaterials for sonodynamic therapy

Abstract

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a novel non-invasive strategy for eliminating tumor, has the advantages of deeper tissue penetration, fewer side effects, and better patient compliance, compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT). In SDT, ultrasound was used to activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), induce the collapse of vacuoles in solution, and bring about irreversible damage to cancer cells. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to developing highly efficient sonosensitizers which can efficiently generate ROS. However, the traditional organic sonosensitizers, such as porphyrins, hypericin, and curcumins, suffer from complex synthesis, poor water solubility, and low tumor targeting efficacy which limit the benefits of SDT. In contrast, inorganic sonosensitizers show good in vivo stability, controllable physicochemical properties, ease of achieving multifunctionality, and high tumor targeting, which greatly expanded their application in SDT. In this review, we systematically summarize the nanomaterials which act as the carrier of molecular sonosensitizers, and directly produce ROS under ultrasound. Moreover, the prospects of inorganic nanomaterials for SDT application are also discussed.

Biodegradable reduce expenditure bioreactor for augmented sonodynamic therapy via regulating tumor hypoxia and inducing pro-death autophagy

“…Although preclinical researches on SDT have shown promising results in various cancer cells, some undesirable limitations severely restricting the clinical translation of SDT. For instance, the efficacy of SDT mainly depends on oxygen content inside the solid tumors, while several solid tumors often feature hypoxia triggered by the limited oxygen diffusion and the rapid proliferation of cancer cells [ 8 – 11 ]. However, this situation is further challenged by the fact that hypoxia gets further intensified during the SDT process, triggering SDT resistance.…”

“…In principle, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can be reshaped by improving the exogenous O 2 level or suppressing O 2 consumption [ 12 – 14 ]. Promoted by the significant advances in nanomedicine, several expectant strategies aimed at modulating the level of oxygen in a solid tumor, such as delivering O 2 to the hypoxic regions via oxygen-carrying nanomaterials and the in situ generations of O 2 by nanocatalysts/nanozymes-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decomposition, have been exploited [ 11 , 15 – 20 ]. Nevertheless, the feasibility of these strategies is severely hindered by the leakage of O 2 from the carriers and the insufficient endogenous H 2 O 2 [ 3 , 21 – 23 ].…”

Advances in photosensitizer-related design for photodynamic therapy

“…The limitation for medical application of many inorganic nanomaterial is their poor water solubility [32] . This could also be improved by proper modification.…”

Biodegradable Reduce Expenditure Bioreactor For Augmented Sonodynamic Therapy Via Regulating Tumor Hypoxia And Inducing Pro-Death Autophagy

“…In principle, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can be reshaped through improving exogenous O 2 level or suppressing O 2 consumption [12,13]. Promoted by the signi cant advances in nanomedicine, many expectant strategies aimed at modulating the level of oxygen in solid tumor, such as delivering the O 2 to the hypoxic regions by oxygen-carrying nanomaterials and in situ generation of O 2 by nanocatalysts/nanozymes-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) decomposition, have been exploited [11,[14][15][16][17][18][19]. Nevertheless, the feasibility of these strategies is severely hindered by the leakage of O 2 from the carriers and the insu cient endogenous H 2 O 2 [3,[20][21][22].…”

“…Although preclinical researches on SDT have shown promising results in various cancer cells, some undesirable limitations severely restricting the clinical translation of SDT. Especially, the e cacy of SDT mainly depends on oxygen content inside the solid tumors, while many solid tumors often feature hypoxia triggered owing to the limited oxygen diffusion and rapid proliferation of cancer cells [8][9][10][11]. What makes things worse is that the hypoxia is even further intensi ed during SDT process, triggering SDT resistance.…”