Recent advances in nanowires-based field-effect transistors for biological sensor applications

Abstract

Nanowires (NWs)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted considerable interest to develop innovative biosensors using NWs of different materials (i.e. semiconductors, polymers, etc.). NWs-based FETs provide significant advantages over the other bulk or non-NWs nanomaterials-based FETs. As the building blocks for FET-based biosensors, one-dimensional NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio and are more suitable and sensitive for sensing applications. During the past decade, FET-based biosensors are smartly designed and used due to their great specificity, sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, they have the advantage of low weight, low cost of mass production, small size and compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In this respect, we summarize the recent advances of NWs-based FET biosensors for different biomolecule detection i.e. glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, hormone, proteins, nucleotide, biomarkers, etc. A comparative sensing performance, present challenges, and future prospects of NWs-based FET biosensors are discussed in detail.

Comparing electron- and hole transporting semiconductors in ion sensitive water- gated transistors

“…These metal oxides lead to electron-transporting TFTs, while water-gated organic TFTs usually are hole-transporting. ZnO-based devices in particular have recently been widely used in various sensor devices [19][20][21][22].…”

Applications of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Stroke

“…This offers the potential to generate simple point-of-care measurements within minutes. 66,67 As each nanowire can measure an individual analyte, arrays capable of detection of multiple biomarkers are possible. 68 One of the greatest challenges in this field is the prevention of fouling of the nanowire and prevention of nonspecific binding.…”

Conducting Polymers as Elements of Miniature Biocompatible Sensor

“…Their convenience of synthesis by chemical or electrochemical routes at ambient conditions, functionalization with monomer, dopant, monomer/dopant ratios and oxidation state to enhance the conductivities over 15 orders of magnitude, biocompatibility and low energy optical transitions have caused a significant concern. CPs have been synthesized by differing procedures, namely, electrochemical dip-pen lithography, mechanical stretching, electrospinning and template-directed electrochemical synthesis [6].…”