Recent advances in non-noble metal electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction

Zhang, Xi; Wang, Yuting; Liu, Cuibo; Yu, Yifu; Lu, Siyu; Zhang, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2020.126269

Cited by 485 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…The nitrite ion was formed in all current densities studied and the ammonium formation was detected in minor quantities. The presence of nitrite in solution may be explained due to the capacity of nitrate to adsorb onto the surface of the copper electrode, then NO À 3(aq) is reduced to NO À 2(aq) (Xu et al 2018;Zhang et al 2021), but this ion is not efficiently reduced to gaseous compounds at the Cu surface. In addition, the presence of N-nitrite may be also related to the pH of the solution, alkaline in this experimental variation, considering that at these pH values the NO À 2(aq) formation is favored (Hörold et al 1993).…”

Section: Current Density Effect: Galvanostatic Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitrate (NO À 3(aq) ) is an ion present in surface and groundwater and its presence in these systems can cause damage to the environment (Smith & Schindler 2009;Wang et al 2021) and to human health (Cameron et al 2013;Wang et al 2021). Among different methods used for the treatment of water contaminated with nitrate, the membrane separation processes (MSP) stand out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrate reduction by electrochemical processes using copper electrode: evaluating operational parameters aiming low nitrite formation

Beltrame

Zoppas

Ferreira

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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This work aims to present different electroreduction and electrocatalytic processes configurations to treat nitrate contaminated water. The parameters tested were: current density, cell potential, electrode potential, pH values, cell type and catalyst use. It was found that the nitrite ion is present in all process variations used, being the resulted nitrite concentration higher in an alkaline pH. The increase in current density on galvanostatic operation mode provides a greater reduction of nitrate (64%, 1.4 mA cm−2) if compared to the potentiostatic (20%) and constant cell potential (37%) configurations. In a dual-chamber cell was tested the nitrate reduction with current density of 1.4 mA cm−2, being obtained the NO3− reduction of 85%. The use of single chamber cell presented 32 ± 3% of nitrate reduction, indicating that in this cell type the nitrate reduction is smaller than in dual-chamber cell (64%). The presence of Pd catalyst with 3.1% wt. decreased the nitrite (1.0 N-mg L−1) and increased the gaseous compounds (9.4 N-mg L−1) formation. The best configuration showed that, by fixing the current density, a highest nitrate reduction is obtained and the pH presents a significant influence during the testes. The use of catalyst decreased the nitrite and enhanced the gaseous compounds formation.

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Section: Current Density Effect: Galvanostatic Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate reduction by electrochemical processes using copper electrode: evaluating operational parameters aiming low nitrite formation

Beltrame

Zoppas

Ferreira

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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“…The effect of Cl À on TN removal was well understood as a result of NH 4 þ -N oxidation to N 2 by the free chlorine generated from anode oxidation of Cl -, which was the main mechanism of TN removal for electro-reduction of nitrate in most studies (Garcia-Segura et al 2018;Zhang et al 2021). Figure 8 shows a 3D graph of TN removal, and thus the TN removal could be simply estimated as the function of initial concentration of NO 3 À and Cl À .…”

Section: Effect Of Clionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The produced ammonia could be directly oxidized by anode or indirectly oxidized by free chlorine to N 2 , which was generated by the anodic oxidation of the co-existing chloride. Up to now, many electrodes were developed for nitrate reduction by considering N 2 selectivity, as reviewed by Garcia-Segura et al (2018) and Zhang et al (2021). The composite cathode of metal/metal oxides coated plate substrate(s), such as Co 3 O 4 /Ti, Fe/Cu, Fe/C, Co 3 O 4 -TiO 2 /Ti, Pd-Cu/NiAl-LMO, are generally better than a single-metal cathode for nitrate reduction (Su et al 2017;Zhang et al 2018;Gao et al 2019;Bai et al 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Co/Ti electrode by electro-deposition for aqueous nitrate reduction

Jiang

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination

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A Co/Ti electrode for nitrate reduction was prepared by electrode-deposition. In the single-compartment electrolysis cell, nitrate (100 mg/L) removal reached nearly 100% after 3 h electrolysis under the current density of 20 mA cm–2 by using the Co/Ti electrode as cathode, and the main reduction products were ammonium nitrogen (66.5%) and nitrogen gas (33.5%). This performance on nitrate removal was comparable to a Co3O4/Ti electrode, and the electroactivity of the Co/Ti electrode towards nitrite reduction was higher than that of a Co3O4/Ti electrode. The Co/Ti electrode exhibited an improved stability with 18.7% of mass loss and 25.5% of Co dissolution compared with the Co3O4/Ti electrode after ultrasonic interference. The presence of chlorine ion (1,000 mg/L) could promote the total nitrogen (TN) removal to approximately 100% after 3 h electrolysis because of the ammonium oxidation by the free chlorine produced from the anode. In the presence of calcium (50 mg/L) and phosphate (0.5 mg/L), the nitrate removal decreased from 85.4 ± 1.5 to 57.7 ± 3.5% after ten reuse cycles. This result suggests that Ca and P should be pre-removed before the electro-reduction of nitrate.

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“…[31][32][33][34][35] Besides, there were only few research articles targeting NH 3 as their desired product in NO x electroreduction. [36][37][38][39] In this review, we focus on electrocatalytic NO x reduction toward ammonia generation, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Rather than giving a detailed overview of reactions involving all the compounds in the nitrogen chemistry, we choose three of them, namely, NO, NO 2 À , and NO 3 À , to analyze the proposed reaction mechanisms of the complex reaction network, assess the activity of reported catalysts, and point out the challenges that are arising in the research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Beyond the Use of Nitrogen Gas as a Source

Mou¹,

Long

Frauenheim

et al. 2021

ChemPlusChem

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Electrocatalytic reduction of dinitrogen has emerged as a new strategy for ammonia synthesis. Despite being environmentally benign and energy‐saving, it suffers from low conversion efficiency and short yield of ammonia because of the challenges of activating the inert N≡N bond at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. As a result of this, researchers proposed to reduce the nitrogenous species, one category of air and water pollutants, into valuable ammonia. Although remaining largely underexplored, this alternative approach shows promising efficiency for ammonia synthesis, while achieving high catalytic activity and selectivity remains challenging. In this Minireview, we summarize recent electrocatalytic performances of denitrification with selective formation to ammonia in terms of proposed active sites and reaction mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the common issues in the state‐of‐the‐art experimental tests and highlight the breakthroughs via computational screening of electrode materials. The aim of this is to steer the future research directions in the field, which is aiming for an optimal catalytic system with higher activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic denitrification.

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Recent advances in non-noble metal electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction

Cited by 485 publications

References 121 publications

Nitrate reduction by electrochemical processes using copper electrode: evaluating operational parameters aiming low nitrite formation

Nitrate reduction by electrochemical processes using copper electrode: evaluating operational parameters aiming low nitrite formation

Preparation of Co/Ti electrode by electro-deposition for aqueous nitrate reduction

Advances in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Beyond the Use of Nitrogen Gas as a Source

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