Recent Advances in Nucleic Acid Modulation for Functional Nanozyme

Abstract

Nanozymes have the potential to replace natural enzymes, so they are widely used in energy conversion technologies such as biosensors and signal transduction (converting biological signals of a target into optical, electrical, or metabolic signals). The participation of nucleic acids leads nanozymes to produce richer interface effects and gives energy conversion events more attractive characteristics, creating what are called “functional nanozymes”. Since different nanozymes have different internal structures and external morphological characteristics, functional modulation needs to be compatible with these properties, and attention needs to be paid to the influence of nucleic acids on nanozyme activity. In this review, “functional nanozymes” are divided into three categories, (nanozyme precursor ion)/ (nucleic acid) self-assembly, nanozyme-nucleic acid irreversible binding, and nanozyme-nucleic acid reversible binding, and the effects of nucleic acids on modulation principles are summarized. Then, the latest developments of nucleic acid-modulated nanozymes are reviewed in terms of their use in energy conversion technology, and their conversion mechanisms are critically discussed. Finally, we outline the advantages and limitations of “functional nanozymes” and discuss the future development prospects and challenges in this field.

Enzyme-Free Colorimetric Method for Fast Detection of PIK3CA Gene Mutation by Praseodymia Nanorods

“…The mechanism of NTP affecting Pr 6 O 11 NRs in oxidizing ABTS was probably due to the coordination and hydrolysis of NTP on Pr 6 O 11 (Figure e). Due to the high oxygen mobility of Pr 6 O 11 , , as well as abundant defects on the nanorod surface, including oxygen vacancies and Pr 3+ /Pr 4+ , Pr 6 O 11 was able to catalyze the oxidation of ABTS efficiently. , It is well known that attachment of nucleic acids can modulate functionalities of nanozymes such as Fe 3 O 4 , CeO 2 , etc. , Many mechanisms, sometimes seemingly contradictory, have been proposed to account for the effects of nucleic acid on tuning oxidase-like activities . Here, we believe the boosting effect of NTP was due to its hydrolysis on Pr 6 O 11 NRs and the consequential free energy release (Δ G ) from it (Figure e).…”

“…28,29 Many mechanisms, sometimes seemingly contradictory, have been proposed to account for the effects of nucleic acid on tuning oxidase-like activities. 30 Here, we believe the boosting effect of NTP was due to its hydrolysis on Pr 6 O 11 NRs and the consequential free energy release (ΔG) from it (Figure 2e). Pr 6 O 11 NRs may catalyze and assist the hydrolysis of NTP, generating free phosphate (P i ) ions.…”

Recent Advances in Enzyme‐Based Biomaterials Toward Diabetic Wound Healing

“…In recent years, the scientific community has witnessed the combination and development of nucleic acids and nanozymes, as nucleic acids can compensate for the deficiencies of nanozymes by improving the control over the catalytic activity. [ 75 ] For example, Wang et al [ 76 ] reported that ssDNA adsorbed on g‐C 3 N 4 NSs could improve the catalytic activity of the nanosheets. On the basis of their previous theoretical and experimental results, Wu et al [10a] presented a redox‐modulatory ceria‐nanozyme‐reinforced self‐protecting hydrogel (PCN‐miR/Col) by simultaneously reshaping the hostile oxidative wound microenvironment into a regenerative one and ensuring the structural integrity of the encapsulated proangiogenic miRNA in the oxidative microenvironment (Figure 5d).…”

Combinational application of metal–organic frameworks‐based nanozyme and nucleic acid delivery in cancer therapy

“…The nanozymes currently used in biomedicine can be simply divided into four groups—peroxidases, oxidases, superoxide dismutases (SODs), and catalases (Ding et al, 2020). Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of high stability, low cost, and multifunctionality (Cao et al, 2021; Wang, Xu, et al, 2021). Several types of MOFs have been widely used as nanozymes in medicine, including zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), isoreticular metal–organic frameworks (IRMOFs), materials of Institute Lavoisier (MILs), and porous coordination networks (PCNs), among others (Hu et al, 2021; Meng et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2021).…”