Recent Advances in Organ‐on‐Chips Integrated with Bioprinting Technologies for Drug Screening

Abstract

Currently, the demand for more reliable drug screening devices has made scientists and researchers develop novel potential approaches to offer an alternative to animal studies. Organ‐on‐chips are newly emerged platforms for drug screening and disease metabolism investigation. These microfluidic devices attempt to recapitulate the physiological and biological properties of different organs and tissues using human‐derived cells. Recently, the synergistic combination of additive manufacturing and microfluidics has shown a promising impact on improving a wide array of biological models. In this review, different methods are classified using bioprinting to achieve the relevant biomimetic models in organ‐on‐chips, boosting the efficiency of these devices to produce more reliable data for drug investigations. In addition to the tissue models, the influence of additive manufacturing on microfluidic chip fabrication is discussed, and their biomedical applications are reviewed.

Guiding organs-on-chips towards applications: a balancing act between integration of advanced technologies and standardization

“…form complex structures with a desired pore size and interconnectivity. Different biomaterials and cells can be simultaneously combined and printed to replicate the native distribution of distinct cell types and biochemical cues across three-dimensional (3D) space (Tabatabaei Rezaei et al, 2023). Additional control over the construct structure can be achieved by the inclusion of stimuli-responsive biomaterials and/or cells to induce conformational changes in the printed tissue, even after the printing process is finished, in the process of four-dimensional (4D) bioprinting (Osouli-Bostanabad et al, 2022).…”

“…In addition to adjusted biomaterial complexity and spatial organization for the reproduction of organ features, the use of patient-specific primary cells is advantageous for capturing the heterogeneity of disease progression, as often observed in clinical settings (Loewa et al, 2023). These exciting possibilities have interested both academia and industry in applications ranging from disease modeling to personalized medicine and drug screening (Tabatabaei Rezaei et al, 2023). Nonetheless, key issues still need to be addressed before these methods will find widespread adoption.…”

“…Meanwhile, the rise of technologies such as biofabrication, multimodality imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI) is expected to offer opportunities for expanding the relevance and impact of OoC. This will enable a higher degree of (bio)mimicry of organ microphysiology and functionality, screening for many events with cell-level resolution, and using the derived high-content data to integrate with or train AI-based algorithms (Moreira Teixeira and Mezzanotte, 2021; Deng et al, 2023;Tabatabaei Rezaei et al, 2023). In turn, the latter will lead to further amplification and extrapolation of the results in an automated, objective, and unbiased fashion.…”

Perspective of point-of-care sensing systems in cancer management

“…on the static organoids that can change shape or functionality. 54 This 4D bio-printing is promising for drug screening but it needs a more rigorous approach. However, one of the fundamental goals of OC is to develop a full body on chip platform for a disease specific investigation for personalized therapy.…”

Vascularized Liver Tissue Embedded Bioprinting Utilizing GelMA/Nanoclay-based Composite hydrogels

“…In the past, when designing frameworks for tissue regrowth, the main focus was on making the materials, structure, and strength of these structures better to help cells grow [4,6]. In the past decades, researchers have tried out different methods to create artificial blood vessels for tissue engineering [7]. Some common ways to make these blood vessel-like structures include electrospinning [8], molding [3], rolling thin sheets [9], and using decellularization [10].…”