Recent advances in small bowel diseases: Part I

Thomson, A. B. R.

doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i26.3336

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 386 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Fish are useful models for gut‐related diseases (Thomson et al , 2012a,b; Kamareddine et al , 2020; Ber et al , 2021; Lee et al , 2021; Montoro‐Huguet et al , 2021). The discovery of fish CM indicates more differences between fish and mammal gut structures, which affects the comparative studies based on fish models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential roles of the fish chitinous membrane in gut barrier immunity and digestive compartments

et al. 2023

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The chitin‐based peritrophic matrix (PM) is a structure critical for both gut immunity and digestion in invertebrates. PM was traditionally considered lost in all vertebrates, but a PM‐like chitinous membrane (CM) has recently been discovered in fishes, which may increase the knowledge on vertebrate gut physiology and structural evolution. Here, we show that in zebrafish, the CM affects ingestion behavior, microbial homeostasis, epithelial renewal, digestion, growth, and longevity. Young mutant fish without CM appear healthy and are able to complete their life cycle normally, but with increasing age they develop gut inflammation, resulting in gut atrophy. Unlike mammals, zebrafish have no visible gel‐forming mucin layers to protect their gut epithelia, but at least in young fish, the CM is not a prerequisite for the antibacterial gut immunity. These findings provide new insights into the role of the CM in fish prosperity and its eventual loss in tetrapods. These findings may also help to improve fish health and conservation, as well as to advance the understanding of vertebrate gut physiology and human intestinal diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential roles of the fish chitinous membrane in gut barrier immunity and digestive compartments

et al. 2023

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“…They play a key role in defense against a broad range of intestinal microbes and in the regulation of host immunity [ 8 ]. Paneth cells derive from fast-cycling crypt base columnar cells, which are involved in crypt regeneration; they differentiate whilst migrating towards the crypt base, from which they are eventually cleared by phagocytosis [ 9 , 10 ]. Paneth cells are mostly located within the small bowel; in adults they occur normally in smaller numbers in the proximal large bowel (caecum to transverse colon), but have been reported more distally only in pathological states [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paneth cell metaplasia in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in children

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPaneth cell metaplasia (PCM) is well described in adults but little is known about the distribution of colonic Paneth cells and the occurrence of PCM in a paediatric population. The aim of this study is to determine whether Paneth cell hyperplasia or metaplasia characteristically occurs in the colons of children with newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed colonic series from 28 new diagnoses of paediatric IBD at a tertiary referral centre, and from a further 14 children with IBD-like symptoms whose colonic biopsies and ancillary investigations were normal. Paneth cells were counted at 6 anatomical sites in the colon, and at each site acute and chronic inflammation were assessed semi-quantitatively and the presence or absence of crypt architectural distortion and eosinophilia was documented.ResultsIn control, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) groups there was a gradient of decreasing Paneth cell numbers from caecum to rectum. Paneth cells were not seen in the distal colon in the control group, but they were present there in 11 of 13 patients with ulcerative colitis and 14 of 15 with Crohn’s disease. Only patients with IBD showed Paneth cell hyperplasia, assessed as more than 10 Paneth cells per 10 well-oriented crypts at any site. There was a statistically significant increase in Paneth cells in the caecum, ascending, transverse and descending colon in UC and in the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon in CD compared with controls. There was no significant difference between UC and CD. There was no correlation between the site of PCM and acute or chronic inflammation, crypt distortion or eosinophilia.ConclusionPaneth cells are found in the proximal but not the distal colon in otherwise normal paediatric colonic series. A high proportion of UC and CD patients show PCM in the distal colon. This is present early in the disease and does not correlate with histological features of chronicity.

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“…Probiotics have shown several benefits in human health (Parvez, Malik, Ah Kang & Kim, 2006). Some of the health benefits of probiotics include: i) cancer prevention (Baldwin et al, 2010), ii) reduction of Helicobacter pylori infection (Gotteland, Brunser & Cruchet, 2006;Pacifico et al, 2014), iii) reduction of cholesterol and triacylglycerol plasma concentrations (Jones, Martoni, Parent & Prakash, 2011), iv) beneficial effects on mineral metabolism (Lamberti et al, 2011), v) relief from constipation (Malaguarnera et al, 2012), vi) reduction of allergic symptoms (Matsuda et al, 2012), and vii) relief from irritable bowel syndrome (Thomson, Chopra, Clandinin & Freeman, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Prebiotic Activity of Selected Edible Wild Plant Extracts

Kheoane

Tarirai

Gadaga

et al. 2016

JFR

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Edible wild plants were investigated as potential sources of antioxidants and prebiotics to benefit human health. Antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid and total dietary fibre contents were determined in edible wild plants from Lesotho, Swaziland and South Africa. Pure probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis (ATCC 25527), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (TUTBFD) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 314) were cultured in broth containing edible wild plant extracts to assess their prebiotic activity. Cyperus esculantus had the highest arscobic acid content of 603±64.1 mg/100 g edible dry plant material followed by Rosa rubiginosa (500.8±48.8 mg/100 g). The two plants had IC 50 of 10.7±0.2 µg/mL and 47.8±0.2 µg/mL for DPPH inhibition, respectively. Forty percent (40%) (n=30) of the edible wild plants had significant (p<0.01) total antioxidant activity (IC 50 <60 µg/mL) and high ascorbic acid content (>200 mg/100 g). Nasturtium officinale reported the highest yield for soluble fibre (25%) while Hypoxis hirsute had the highest total dietary fibre content (7.3%). Rorippa nudiuscula enhanced the growth of B. animalis significantly (p=0.001), 8-fold more than inulin. Chenopodium album and Urtica dioica stimulated the growth of L. rhamnosus significantly (p=0.0001) than inulin, respectfully, while Tragopogon porrifolius significantly (p=0.0001) stimulated the growth of L. acidophilus than inulin. It was concluded that the investigated edible wild plants from southern Africa have antioxidant and prebiotic properties that may be beneficial to human health.

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Recent advances in small bowel diseases: Part I

Cited by 13 publications

References 386 publications

Differential roles of the fish chitinous membrane in gut barrier immunity and digestive compartments

Differential roles of the fish chitinous membrane in gut barrier immunity and digestive compartments

Paneth cell metaplasia in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease in children

Antioxidant and Prebiotic Activity of Selected Edible Wild Plant Extracts

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