Recent Advances in the Analysis, Measurement, and Properties of Composite Metal Foams

Rabiei, Afsaneh; Lattimer, Brian Y.; Bearinger, Elias

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65249-4_13

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The use of hollow spheres within a cast or sintered powder matrix in “composite metal foam” structure has also been studied in various aspects with good results in numerous applications. [ 42 ] Obviously, hollow spheres are useful in a variety of ways, but they are fundamentally different than the porous spheres described here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Pore Formation in Copper Spheres by Gas Entrapment and Oxide Reduction

Jones,

Tse Lop Kun,

Patterson

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Solid‐state methods for producing porous metals vary greatly in their approaches and outcomes, and they often result in distinctly different pore sizes and/or characteristics. By combining methods in a hybrid process, it is possible that unique porous structures can be made that are simpler to produce, have improved functional properties, or are otherwise superior to any single approach. For the first time, a combination of gas entrapment and oxide reduction to produce microscale porosity in millimeter‐scale copper spheres created by planetary milling is reported. The milling process entraps Ar in micron to submicron pores within the spheres, which are comprised of a Cu 2 mol% CuO metal matrix composite. Upon heating at 800 °C in an inert atmosphere, the individual spheres expand and form ≈29% closed porosity with an average pore size of 1.5 μm. When those spheres are then reheated to 600 °C in a reducing atmosphere, the porosity is converted to being almost entirely open with an average size of 2.3 μm. In addition to the unique nature of the porosity, the processing of the spheres is unusual in that it is completed after only 90 min of milling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Pore Formation in Copper Spheres by Gas Entrapment and Oxide Reduction

Jones,

Tse Lop Kun,

Patterson

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Porous metals or metal foams exhibit great performance in energy absorption, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], and are widely applied as crashworthiness components, battery electrodes, and heat exchangers [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Currently, metal foams are usually fabricated by electro-deposition [ 12 ], casting or powder metallurgy [ 13 , 14 ], and additive manufacturing [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the closed-cell foams with graded foam pores could outperform the uniform foams in terms of mechanical and energy absorption capacity [ 27 , 28 ]. To reduce defects and obtain the controllable cell shape and cell size, composite metal foams (CMF) with closed cells are proposed, which are made of closely packed metallic hollow spheres or a cenosphere with a metallic matrix that fills the empty spaces in between spheres [ 29 ]. Rabiei et al [ 30 , 31 , 32 ] employed steel spheres to fabricate various CMFs by casting and PM, studied their mechanical properties, and found that these CMFs displayed superior compressive strengths and energy absorption capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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A fabrication technology of closed-cell copper foams (CCCFs) based on powder metallurgy is proposed, by using the expanded polystyrene foams (EPS) spheres with the prescribed diameter as the space holder before sintering. The material characterization and the quasi-static compressive behaviors of both uniform and graded CCCFs at different temperatures were experimentally studied. A high temperature weakens the initial compressive modulus, plateau stress, and effective energy absorption for both uniform and graded CCCFs; meanwhile, the onset strain of densification and the maximum energy absorption efficiency are less sensitive to temperature, especially for the graded CCCFs. Compared with the uniform CCCF, the graded CCCF with even a small relative density exhibits superiority in terms of the effective energy absorption and the maximum energy absorption efficiency, attributed to the much larger onset strain of densification for the gradient pore arrangement. Finite element simulations based on the ideal sphere foam model can basically mimic the compressive performance of the CCCF samples. It is also found that both the decrease of pore diameter and the increase of cell wall thickness could improve the compressive performance of the CCCFs.

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Effect of Density and Thickness of Steel–Steel Composite Metal Foam on Its Full‐Scale Torch Fire Response

Amoafo‐Yeboah,

Rabiei

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Tank cars carrying hazardous materials require fire and thermal protection to prevent disasters in case of accidents. A material with a combination of improved insulating thermal properties and impact resistance within the tank car skin can mitigate the repercussions of such accidents. Steel–steel composite metal foam (S–S CMF) is a novel material with properties that is being investigated for such applications. It is made up of metallic hollow spheres closely packed together within a metallic matrix. To corroborate the effectiveness of this material for the abovementioned application, a full‐scale torch fire test based on the 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 179, Appendix B must be conducted on 4 × 4 ft (1219.2 × 1219.2 mm) samples, where they are required to withstand a 30 min high velocity jet fire at 1204 ± 55.6 °C, by not recording a temperature higher than 427 °C on the unexposed side of the samples within 30 min. It is necessary to determine the critical thickness of CMF for which the test would pass; however it would be costly to do this experimentally and thus, a numerical simulation must be conducted to predict the optimum parameters that can address the torch fire requirements. This study outlines the procedure adhered to in modeling the torch fire test and investigates the effect of thickness and density on the thermal response of the S–S CMF. Fire Dynamics Simulator and COMSOL Multiphysics are utilized to compare the one dimesional and three dimensional modeling of S–S CMF response to a full‐scale torch fire test. Investigation shows that the thickness and density of the material play a significant role in how it responds under torch fire conditions.

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Recent Advances in the Analysis, Measurement, and Properties of Composite Metal Foams

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Hybrid Pore Formation in Copper Spheres by Gas Entrapment and Oxide Reduction

Hybrid Pore Formation in Copper Spheres by Gas Entrapment and Oxide Reduction

Temperature Effects on the Compressive Behaviors of Closed-Cell Copper Foams Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Effect of Density and Thickness of Steel–Steel Composite Metal Foam on Its Full‐Scale Torch Fire Response

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