Recent Advances in the Combined Elevated Temperature, Humidity, and Light Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates for further photovoltaic technology. However, the instability issue remains a major obstacle hampering their commercialization. Since perovskites are sensitive to external stressors including elevated temperature, humidity, and light, and the decomposition of perovskite under these combined stressors could largely aggravate and accelerate PSCs degradation, the stability aging test under combined stressors has been recognized as the harshest and the most important requirements for PSCs stability evaluation. Herein, the degradation mechanisms of PSCs at elevated temperature, humidity, and light illumination conditions are analyzed. Further, the recent progress on improving the stability of PSCs under combined stressors including 85% relative humidity/85 °C damp heat aging test and light and elevated temperature induced degradation aging test is summarized. The predictions for the further development of effective strategies for improving the stability of PSCs are provided at the end of this review.

Rethinking the Role of Excess/Residual Lead Iodide in Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The thermal decomposition reactions of MAPbI 3 can be represented in the following equation: [46,47]…”

“…The thermal decomposition reactions of MAPbI 3 can be represented in the following equation: [ 46,47 ] $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\rm{MAPb}}{{\rm{I}}_3}\overset \Delta \longleftrightarrow {\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{I}} + {\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_2} + {\rm{Pb}}{{\rm{I}}_2} + {\rm{HI}}}\end{array} \]$$ $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{I}}\,\,\xrightarrow{\Delta }{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{I}} + {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}}\end{array} \]$$…”

“…[ 48 ] However, Equation (2) is irreversible even at room temperature. [ 47 ] Thus, volatile MA + is often the root cause of degradation. To further improve device stability, it is essential to replace MA + with other cations that have greater inherent stability, such as FA + or Cs + .…”

Holistic Strategies Lead to Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Hybrid Chemical Vapor Deposition Based Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…The increased temperature in the solar module accelerates the degradation of hole transport layer, leading to the poor operation lifetime of solar modules in comparison with small area solar cells. Moreover, as the size of the solar modules increases, the light induced photocatalytic degradation from electron transport layer and ion migrations originating from light illumination becomes more prominent, [ 52 ] which also speed ups the degradation of devices, resulting in the poorer operation stability of solar modules in comparison with the small area solar cells.…”

Selenophene-Based 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency Exceeding 19%

“…1−5 However, the instability of perovskite materials under ambient conditions has hindered the commercialization of this technology. 6,7 Twodimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites with inorganic metal halide octahedra layers sandwiched between bulky organic spacers have been developed to overcome this challenge. 8,9 This kind of structure can increase the moisture resistance of perovskite films and hinder ion migration.…”