Recent Advances in the Design Of Cardiovascular Materials for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Biomaterials dominate the field of cardiovascular therapeutics, a multitude of which have been used to repair and replace injured heart tissue. This field has evolved beyond the simple selection of compatible materials and now focuses on the rational design of controlled structures that integrate with the cardiovascular system. However, the compatibility of these materials with the blood presents a major limitation to their clinical application. In this context, surface modification strategies can enhance blood compatibility and several recent advances in this area have emerged. This review summarizes the recent applications of biomaterials in cardiovascular therapies, the improvements in their biocompatibility and the surface modification technologies that have the potential to improve clinical outcomes.

Biointerface Coatings With Structural and Biochemical Properties Modifications of Biomaterials

“…[ 200 ] The ECM coating had a significant impact on cell growth, differentiation, and function [ 201 ] and effectively improved the biocompatibility of vascular grafts through surface modification. [ 202 ] Understanding the interaction between the ECM and cells in the in vivo environment assisted in the modification of the coating, and coatings of ECM substances have potential for drug development and cell therapy development. [ 201 ]…”

“…[200] The ECM coating had a significant impact on cell growth, differentiation, and function [201] and effectively improved the biocompatibility of vascular grafts through surface modification. [202] Understanding the interaction between the ECM and cells in the in vivo environment assisted in the modification of the coating, and coatings of ECM substances have potential for drug development and cell therapy development. [201] Encapsulating growth factors into bioactive coatings is an innovative approach in bone tissue engineering [203] and enhances osteoinduction, which is an enabling condition for bone healing and is essential for the fixation of implants.…”

Extracellular Matrix Coatings on Cardiovascular Materials—A Review

“…The hemocompatibility of biomaterials mainly depends on the physicochemical properties of its surface; therefore, surface modification is an effective way to improve hemocompatibility. Surface modification of coatings with biomolecules such as HA, peptides, and heparin can effectively improve the performance of coatings [91][92][93]. Intact ECM or its single component has natural stability and stiffness advantages to promote the adhesion and functional growth of EC on its surface.…”

Sensitive and Specific Y-Shaped Ratio Biosensor for Detecting Serum miR-18a: Potential Early Scanning Tool for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

“…Therefore, nanomaterials may be a better method to amplify the signals of biosensors. The metallic nanoporous materials can be widely used in the fields of catalysis of redox reactions, sensors, and the isolation of biomolecules due to their surface and structural properties [17]. Noble metal porous materials have been widely used in various aspects such as catalysis, biosensing technology, transmission media, porous electrodes, and energy storage [18].…”