Recent Advances in the Development of Vaccines for Diabetes, Hypertension, and Atherosclerosis

Lu, Kongye; Su, Benli; Meng, Xiangjun

doi:10.1155/2018/1638462

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This widespread issue can be resolved with a vaccine exerting long-term effects [ 258 , 259 ]. Antigen-specific immunoprotection via vaccination is a recent potential approach to prevention and treatment of chronic diseases [ 260 ]. Mechanisms include the production of antibodies, T-cell anergy, and the induction of regulatory T cells [ 261 ].…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

et al. 2021

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Apolipoprotein (apo) B, the critical structural protein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, has two major isoforms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants with one apoB48 molecule per chylomicron particle. Similarly, a single apoB100 molecule is contained per particle of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL and lipoprotein(a). This unique one apoB per particle ratio makes plasma apoB concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. ApoB levels indicate the atherogenic particle concentration independent of the particle cholesterol content, which is variable. While LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying serum lipoprotein, is the primary therapeutic target for management and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, there is strong evidence that apoB is a more accurate indicator of cardiovascular risk than either total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. This review examines multiple aspects of apoB structure and function, with a focus on the controversy over use of apoB as a therapeutic target in clinical practice. Ongoing coronary artery disease residual risk, despite lipid-lowering treatment, has left patients and clinicians with unsatisfactory options for monitoring cardiovascular health. At the present time, the substitution of apoB for LDL-C in cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines has been deemed unjustified, but discussions continue.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

et al. 2021

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“…Endogenous proteins may promote the hypercreativity and autoimmune reactions, however few studies showed that predicted epitopes of endogenous proteins exhibited significant, safe and effective results in animals. Recently, the vaccines for metabolic diseases have made considerable progress, particularly in the treatment of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, but comprehensive studies are required before any clinical applications [70]. Since T2DM is a multifactorial disorder, T2DM therapeutic-vaccine has been designed to predict obesity protein antigens [71].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyvalent therapeutic vaccine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Immunoinformatics approach to study co-stimulation of cytokines and GLUT1 receptors

Muhammad

Ashfaq

Zafar

et al. 2020

BMC Mol and Cell Biol

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide disease that have an impact on individuals of all ages causing micro and macro vascular impairments due to hyperglycemic internal environment. For ultimate treatment to cure T2DM, association of diabetes with immune components provides a strong basis for immunotherapies and vaccines developments that could stimulate the immune cells to minimize the insulin resistance and initiate gluconeogenesis through an insulin independent route. Methodology: Immunoinformatics based approach was used to design a polyvalent vaccine for T2DM that involved data accession, antigenicity analysis, T-cell epitopes prediction, conservation and proteasomal evaluation, functional annotation, interactomic and in silico binding affinity analysis. Results: We found the binding affinity of antigenic peptides with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class-I molecules for immune activation to control T2DM. We found 13-epitopes of 9 amino acid residues for multiple alleles of MHC class-I bears significant binding affinity. The downstream signaling resulted by T-cell activation is directly regulated by the molecular weight, amino acid properties and affinity of these epitopes. Each epitope has important percentile rank with significant ANN IC 50 values. These high score potential epitopes were linked using AAY, EAAAK linkers and HBHA adjuvant to generate T-cell polyvalent vaccine with a molecular weight of 35.6 kDa containing 322 amino acids residues. In silico analysis of polyvalent construct showed the significant binding affinity (− 15.34 Kcal/mol) with MHC Class-I. This interaction would help to understand our hypothesis, potential activation of T-cells and stimulatory factor of cytokines and GLUT1 receptors. Conclusion: Our system-level immunoinformatics approach is suitable for designing potential polyvalent therapeutic vaccine candidates for T2DM by reducing hyperglycemia and enhancing metabolic activities through the immune system.

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“…In China, the hypertension disease burden is increasing [ 210 ]. Based on the basic principle of vaccination, researchers began to develop therapeutic vaccines to control hypertension, such as ATR12181, pHAV-4Ang IIs, CYT006-AngQb, AngI-R, PMD3117 and ATRQβ-001 [ 211 ]. Downham et al designed a vaccine, named “PMD-3117”, targeting angiotensin I, that is composed of an analog of angiotensin I fused to KLH and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant.…”

Section: Therapeutic Vaccines Against Noncommunicable Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases

Tian

et al. 2022

Mol Biomed

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Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions to combat newly emerging and re-emerging diseases. Prophylactic vaccines against rabies, measles, etc., have excellent effectiveness in preventing viral infection and associated diseases. However, the host immune response is unable to inhibit virus replication or eradicate established diseases in most infected people. Therapeutic vaccines, expressing specific endogenous or exogenous antigens, mainly induce or boost cell-mediated immunity via provoking cytotoxic T cells or elicit humoral immunity via activating B cells to produce specific antibodies. The ultimate aim of a therapeutic vaccine is to reshape the host immunity for eradicating a disease and establishing lasting memory. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines have been developed for the treatment of some infectious diseases and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Various technological strategies have been implemented for the development of therapeutic vaccines, including molecular-based vaccines (peptide/protein, DNA and mRNA vaccines), vector-based vaccines (bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines and yeast-based vaccines) and cell-based vaccines (dendritic cell vaccines and genetically modified cell vaccines) as well as combinatorial approaches. This review mainly summarizes therapeutic vaccine-induced immunity and describes the development and status of multiple types of therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, such as those caused by HPV, HBV, HIV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, that have been evaluated in recent preclinical and clinical studies.

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Recent Advances in the Development of Vaccines for Diabetes, Hypertension, and Atherosclerosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target

Polyvalent therapeutic vaccine for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Immunoinformatics approach to study co-stimulation of cytokines and GLUT1 receptors

Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases

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