Recent Advances in the Development and Antimicrobial Applications of Metal–Phenolic Networks

Abstract

Due to the abuse of antibiotics and the emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms, medical devices, and related biomaterials are at high risk of microbial infection during use, placing a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. Metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), an emerging organic-inorganic hybrid network system developed gradually in recent years, have exhibited excellent multifunctional properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties by making use of the coordination between phenolic ligands and metal ions. Further, MPNs have received widespread attention in antimicrobial infections due to their facile synthesis process, excellent biocompatibility, and excellent antimicrobial properties brought about by polyphenols and metal ions. In this review, different categories of biomaterials based on MPNs (nanoparticles, coatings, capsules, hydrogels) and their fabrication strategies are summarized, and recent research advances in their antimicrobial applications in biomedical fields (e.g., skin repair, bone regeneration, medical devices, etc.) are highlighted.

On‐Demand Removable Self‐Healing and pH‐Responsive Europium‐Releasing Adhesive Dressing Enables Inflammatory Microenvironment Modulation and Angiogenesis for Diabetic Wound Healing

“…For TEC, as shown in Figure S10 (Supporting Information), when the concentrations were <50 µg mL −1 , the cell viabilities of L929 were all higher than 80%. These results indicated that Eu 3+ and TEC are cytocompatible in a reasonable range, in accordance with the cytocompatibility results of europium hydroxide nanorods [56] and other MPNs. [70] The cytocompatibility of TE-TCMBAs was evaluated by investigating the cytotoxicity of the sol contents and degradation products of TE-TCMBAs via CCK-8 and Live/Dead assay against L929 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).…”

“…[25] In addition, TA or phenolic groups can also chelate with metal ions (such as Ag + , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , and Cu 2+ ) to form metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) or metal-phenolic coordination polymers (MPCPs). [53][54][55][56] Among metal ions, europium (Eu, a rare earth metal) ions have attracted increasing attention due to its angiogenesis promotion activity. [54,57,58] Furthermore, the metal-phenolic coordination bonds tend to disintegrate under acidic conditions caused by the competition of phenolic groups between protons and metal ions.…”

Alginate-Based Cryogels for Combined Chemo/Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy and Rapid Hemostasis

“…Due to the inherent deep penetration, noninvasiveness, and local site targeting properties, the near-infrared (NIR)-responsive photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a promising alternative for antibacterial wound dressing fabrication. − Photothermal-active materials such as metallic compounds, carbon nanomaterials, and organic dye have been completely studied for biomedical treatments. − However, their applied exploration is limited by the high cost, tedious synthesis, low biocompatibility, and low biodegradation. Recently, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have been well studied to serve as a PTT platform owing to low cost and good biocompatibility. − The fabrication of MPNs was mainly based on the chelation between metal ions and the catechol structure. It suggests that the utilization of polyphenol compounds and metal ions may offer an approach to the development of new photothermal materials.…”

Engineering metal‐phenolic networks for enhancing cancer therapy by tumor microenvironment modulation

“…Notably, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), a type of supramolecular structure, are composed of polyphenols and metals via the coordination of the diverse phenolic ligands on polyphenols and metals (Geng et al, 2022;. Involving in various polyphenols derives, metal with therapeutic and imaging properties, biofunctional agents endow a large library of MPNs with charming functions (Dai et al, 2019;Y. Li, Miao, et al, 2022;.…”

“…Notably, metal‐phenolic networks (MPNs), a type of supramolecular structure, are composed of polyphenols and metals via the coordination of the diverse phenolic ligands on polyphenols and metals (Geng et al, 2022; J. Guo et al, 2016). Involving in various polyphenols derives, metal with therapeutic and imaging properties, biofunctional agents endow a large library of MPNs with charming functions (Dai et al, 2019; Y. Li, Miao, et al, 2022; Y. Li, Zhang, et al, 2022). Hence, MPNs have attracted much concern in the application of bioimaging and biomedicine due to their facile functionalization, pH‐sensitive drug release, good biocompatibility (Ejima et al, 2017; Ju et al, 2022).…”