Recent advances in the immunology and uterine microbiology of healthy cows and cows that develop uterine disease

Galvão, Klibs N.; Santos, J.E.P.

doi:10.3906/vet-1407-29

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…may increase the bacterial load and the challenge to the immune system. Trauma to the vulva and vagina may also indicate trauma to the uterus, which may compromise the uterine innate immunity capabilities such as endometrial physical barriers, pathogen recognition, recruitment of professional phagocytes, and production of antimicrobial peptides (Sheldon et al, 2009;Galvão and Santos, 2014;Sheldon, 2014). Gilbert et al (2007) reported that proportion of PMN in the uterus on the day of calving was negatively correlated with uterine bacterial contamination on the day of calving and with PMN proportion (cytological endometritis) at 49 DIM.…”

Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Vieira-Neto

Lima

Santos

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The main objective was to evaluate the association between vulvovaginal laceration and uterine diseases in dairy cows. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the association between vulvovaginal laceration and cyclicity, and reproductive performance. The vulvovaginal region of 660 Holstein cows from a 5,000 lactating-cows herd was inspected at 4d in milk (DIM) for the presence of lacerations, and scored (VLS) as follows: 0=no laceration; 1=laceration <2cm at the dorsal commissure of the vulva or lateral walls of the vulva/vagina; 2=laceration ≥2cm at the dorsal commissure of the vulva or at the lateral walls of the vulva/vagina, or both. Vaginal discharge was scored at 4, 6, and 8 DIM for diagnosis of metritis, and then at 32 DIM for diagnosis of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Data were analyzed using LOGISTIC and PHREG procedures of SAS. Cows with VLS 2 had greater incidence of metritis than cows with VLS 0 (69.1 vs. 42.4%), and cows with VLS 1 tended to have greater incidence of metritis than cows with VLS 0 (52.0 vs. 42.4%). Cows with VLS 2 had greater incidence of PVD than cows with VLS 0 (56.5 vs. 43.1%). A lower proportion of cows with VLS 2 than VLS 0 were cyclic by 64 DIM (70.0 vs. 86.8%). A lower proportion of cows with VLS 2 than VLS 0 were pregnant at 60 d after first AI (28.7 vs. 33.6%). Proportion of pregnant cows at 60d after AI tended to be lower for VLS 1 than VLS 0 (28.4 vs. 33.6%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was not affected by VLS. Hazard of pregnancy was decreased for cows with metritis, PVD, and anovular cows. In summary, vulvovaginal laceration was associated with uterine disease and cyclicity, which were negatively associated with reproductive performance. Vulvovaginal laceration was recognized as a risk factor for postpartum uterine disease.

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Section: Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Vieira-Neto

Lima

Santos

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Innate immunity is the most important defense system of the bovine uterus and mammary gland, and the neutrophil is the main cell type involved in innate immunity in those organs (Hussain, 1989;Paape et al, 2003). However, during the transition into lactation, dairy cows experience a reduction in leukocyte function, including a reduction in neutrophil phagocytosis and killing capacity, which is believed to be a predisposing factor to infectious diseases such as metritis and mastitis (Goff and Horst, 1997;Hammon et al, 2006;Galvão and Santos, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pegbovigrastim administration on the microbiome found in the vagina of cows postpartum

Galvão

Higgins

Zinicola

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pegbovigrastim (PEG) treatment of peripartum Holstein cows on the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A subset of cows was randomly sampled from a larger study where cows had been randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: pegbovigrastim (PEG) or untreated control (CTR). The PEG-treated cows received a subcutaneous injection containing 15 mg of pegbovigrastim 7 d before expected calving and a second injection within 24 h of calving. Vaginal samples from 97 PEG-treated and 98 CTR cows were collected at calving, 7 ± 3, and 35 ± 3 d in milk (0, 7, and 35 DIM). Metritis was diagnosed at 7 ± 3 DIM and purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 35 ± 3 DIM. The PEG treatment did not alter the vaginal microbiome. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that metritic cows had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop metritis, particularly at 7 but also at 35 DIM. This difference was characterized by higher relative abundance of Porphyromonas and Bacteroides and a lower relative abundance of Ureaplasma, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiales at 7 DIM, and a higher relative abundance of Ureaplasma and a lower relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae at 35 DIM. Based on PCoA, we observed that cows that developed PVD had a dissimilar vaginal microbiome compared with cows that did not develop PVD, particularly at 35 DIM but also at 7 DIM. This difference was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides at 7 DIM and higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 35 DIM. Cows that developed metritis and PVD also had higher relative abundance of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides at 0 DIM. Furthermore, the Chao1 and Shannon indices were decreased in metritic cows at 7 DIM and in PVD cows at 7 and 35 DIM. In summary, PEG treatment had no effect on the vaginal microbiome, and uterine disease was associated with major changes in the microbiome found in the vagina postpartum.

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“…The same author suggested that, at calving, distinct levels of calcium between groups should be considered as relevant for the occurrence of uterine disorders. This is because calcium has a fundamental role in muscle contraction and immune responses (GOFF, 2008), thus being important for the activation and chemotaxis of defense cells (GOFF; HORST, 1997;GALVÃO;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Daibert

Alvarenga

Rezende

et al. 2018

SCA

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This study aimed to identify possible metabolites able to predict puerperal uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) in the transition period. We hypothesized that, as what has been observed for Holstein cows, a negative energy balance (NEB) may increase the incidence of uterine diseases. Thirtyfour lactating crossbred cows (½HG, ¼HG, ¾HG, and 5/8HG) were evaluated during prepartum (-60d and -30d), calving, and postpartum (+14d, +21d, and +35d) periods, being divided into two groups (with and without uterine diseases). NEB evaluations were based on the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) at calving and 14 days postpartum. Nearly 1/3 of the crossbred cows presented an NEB, characterized by a significant increase in NEFA with no BHBA increase; however, it was less intense than that observed in Holstein cows during the transition period. There was a significant difference between cows with and without uterine diseases in NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum, as well as body condition score (BCS) during prepartum. In conclusion, the occurrence of uterine diseases during the transitional period is related to the BCS in the prepartum period, besides serum NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum. Key words: Body condition score. NEFA. Endometritis. Metritis. ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi identificar possíveis metabólitos no período de transição capazes de predizer a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas puerperais em vacas leiteiras (Holandês X Gir parto (-60d e -30d), parto e pós-parto (+14d, +21d e +35d) e as fêmeas divididas em dois grupos, com e sem enfermidades uterinas. O BEN foi estabelecido com base nas concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) no parto e 14 dias pós-parto. Observou-se que cerca de 1/3 das vacas mestiças passaram por BEN caracterizado por aumento significativo de NEFA e sem aumento de BHBA, porém em intensidade menor do que o observado em vacas Holandesas. Verificouse diferença significativa do escore de condição corporal (ECC) no pré-parto e das concentrações de NEFA e de cálcio no parto, entre vacas com e sem enfermidades uterinas. Conclui-se que o ECC no pré-parto e as concentrações de NEFA e cálcio no parto se relacionam com a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas. Palavras-chave: Escore de condição corporal. NEFA. Endometrite. Metrite.

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Recent advances in the immunology and uterine microbiology of healthy cows and cows that develop uterine disease

Cited by 13 publications

References 101 publications

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Vulvovaginal laceration as a risk factor for uterine disease in postpartum dairy cows

Effect of pegbovigrastim administration on the microbiome found in the vagina of cows postpartum

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

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