A formal synthesis of the anti-viral drug (-)-oseltamivir (Tamiflu ® ) has been accomplished starting from m-anisic acid via dissolving metal or electrochemical Birch reduction. The correct absolute stereochemistry is efficiently set through enzyme-catalyzed carbonyl reduction on the resultant racemic a,bunsaturated ketone. A screen of a broad ketoreductase (KRED) library identified several that deliver the desired allylic alcohol with nearly perfect facial selectivity at the new center for each antipodal substrate, indicating that the enzyme also is able to completely override inherent diastereomeric bias in the substrate. Conversion is complete with D-glucose serving as terminal hydride donor (glucose dehydrogenase). For each resulting diastereomeric secondary alcohol, O/N-interconversion is then efficiently effected either by synfacial [3,3]-sigmatropic allylic imidate rearrangement or by direct, stereo-inverting N-Mitsunobu chemistry. Both stereochemical outcomes have been confirmed crystallographically. The a,b-unsaturation is then introduced via an a-phenylselenylation/oxidation/pyrolysis sequence to yield the targeted (S)-N-acyl-protected 5-amino-1,3-cyclohexadiene carboxylates, key advanced intermediates for oseltamivir pioneered by Corey (N-Boc) and Trost (N-phthalamido), respectively.
ASSOCIATED CONTENT
Supporting informationSupporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website: Procedural details, KRED screening, NMR spectra, HPLC traces, X-ray crystal structure details (50 pages).