Recent advances in the understanding and management of rosacea

Abstract

Rosacea is a chronic relapsing inflammatory facial dermatosis. There are several known triggers but the pathogenesis remains unknown. Recent achievements in understanding this disease point to the importance of skin-environmental interactions. This includes physical and chemical factors, but also microbial factors. The impairment of the skin barrier function and the activation of the innate immune defences are major and connected pathways contributing to an ongoing inflammatory response in the affected skin. This becomes modulated by endogenous factors like neurovascular, drugs, and psychological factors. These factors offer new therapeutic targets for rosacea treatment. There is a broader range of anti-inflammatory compounds available with a favourable safety record. Only recently have persistent erythema and flushing been addressed by new drug formulations.

Technology for Self-Management of Rosacea

“…Rosacea is not fully understood [20] and there are some controversies over its causes and treatment. Medication and laser therapy are sometimes used to limit the negative effects of rosacea [20,22,24], but behavioural approaches are often said to be key to its management [9,16,18,22]. Organisations such as the National Rosacea Society (www.rosacea.org) encourage sufferers to identify and reduce factors that may trigger or exacerbate flare ups of the condition.…”

Ivermectin: A Review in Rosacea

“…Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that occurs mainly in adults [1,2]. The affected skin is usually located centrally on the face and can sting and feel like it is burning; these sensations may also be accompanied by inflammatory lesions (e.g.…”

“…The affected skin is usually located centrally on the face and can sting and feel like it is burning; these sensations may also be accompanied by inflammatory lesions (e.g. pustules/papules), erythema, scaling and/or phymatous growth, which can be disfiguring and distressing [1][2][3]. Of the various forms of rosacea (classified mainly on the basis of symptoms and lesion morphology [4]), papulopustular rosacea, which is characterized by persistent erythema and transient papules/pustules, is one of the most inflammatory [2]; however, in practice, the range of symptoms experienced by patients with rosacea often overlap more than one subtype [4].…”

Contact hypersensitivity in rosacea – a report on 143 cases

“…The pathophysiology is complex, and environmental factors seem to play an important role in the exacerbation and worsening of the lesions. [1][2][3] The barrier dysfunction theory in atopic dermatitis has been well described in the literature. Nowadays, the concept of secondary barrier dysfunction has emerged, including the concept of a disturbed epidermal barrier function in rosacea, measured only in skin areas affected by inflammation.…”

“…Nowadays, the concept of secondary barrier dysfunction has emerged, including the concept of a disturbed epidermal barrier function in rosacea, measured only in skin areas affected by inflammation. 1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Barrier impairment may lead to irritation and a facilitated allergen sensibilization. Contact allergies contribute to the progression of the skin disease.…”