Recent advances in the use of gelatin in biomedical research

Su, Kai; Wang, Chunming

doi:10.1007/s10529-015-1907-0

Cited by 362 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Gelatin is one of the most common biomaterials for 3D cell culture, providing suitable chemical and biological cues for hosting a variety of cells. Despite a broad spectrum of applications, poor mechanical properties, fast enzymatic degradation, and low solubility in concentrated aqueous media are among the limitations of gelatin . To overcome these shortcomings, gelatin has been combined with polysaccharides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

Afewerki

Sheikhi

Kannan

et al. 2018

Bioengineering & Transla Med

309

210

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Gelatin is a promising material as scaffold with therapeutic and regenerative characteristics due to its chemical similarities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissues, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, cost‐effectiveness, abundance, and accessible functional groups that allow facile chemical modifications with other biomaterials or biomolecules. Despite the advantages of gelatin, poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, high viscosity, and reduced solubility in concentrated aqueous media have limited its applications and encouraged the development of gelatin‐based composite hydrogels. The drawbacks of gelatin may be surmounted by synergistically combining it with a wide range of polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharides to gelatin is advantageous in mimicking the ECM, which largely contains proteoglycans or glycoproteins. Moreover, gelatin–polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential. Here, we discuss how combining gelatin and polysaccharides provides a promising approach for developing superior therapeutic biomaterials. We review gelatin–polysaccharides scaffolds and their applications in cell culture and tissue engineering, providing an outlook for the future of this family of biomaterials as advanced natural therapeutics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

Afewerki

Sheikhi

Kannan

et al. 2018

Bioengineering & Transla Med

309

210

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“…Because our research group already successfully bioprinted gelatin laden HepG2 cells (Billiet, Gevaert, De Schryver, Cornelissen, & Dubruel, ) and encapsulated hepatocyte microtissues (Gevaert, Billiet, et al, ; Gevaert, Dlle, et al, ), it was assumed that gelatin could be a suitable encapsulation material for valvular microtissues. Gelatin is synthesized upon the partial breakdown of the natural triple‐helical structure of collagen (Lee & Mooney, ) and is considered a generally‐regarded‐as‐safe material by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Su & Wang, ). However, due to the thermo‐reversible characteristics of gelatin, chemical covalent cross‐linking is needed in order to form solid and stable gel constructs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of modified gelatin on valvular microtissues

Roosens

Handoyo

Dubruel

et al. 2019

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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A significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering is the biofabrication of three‐dimensional (3D) functional tissues with direct applications in organ‐on‐a‐chip systems and future organ engineering. Multicellular valvular microtissues can be used as building blocks for the formation of larger scale valvular macrotissues. Yet, for the controlled biofabrication of 3D macrotissues with predefined complex shapes, directed assembly of microtissues through bioprinting is needed. This study aimed to investigate if modified gelatin is an instructive material for valvular microtissues. Valvular microtissues were encapsulated in modified gelatin hydrogels and cross‐linked in the presence of a photoinitiator (Irgacure 2959 or VA‐086). Hydrogel properties were determined, and valvular interstitial cell functions like phenotype, proliferation, migration, mRNA expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, ECM deposition, and tissue fusion were characterized by histochemical stainings and RT‐qPCR. Encapsulated microtissues remained viable, produced heart valve‐related ECM components, and remained in a quiescent state. However, encapsulation induced some changes in ECM formation and gene expression. Encapsulated microtissues showed lower remodeling capacity and increased expression levels of Col I/V, elastin, hyaluronan, biglycan, decorin, and Sox9 compared with nonencapsulated microtissues. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that proliferation, migration, and tissue fusion was more pronounced in softer gels. In general, we evidenced that modified gelatin is an instructive material for physiologically relevant valvular microtissues and provided a proof of concept for the formation of larger valvular tissue by assembling microtissues at random in soft gels.

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“…Gelatin powder can be dissolved in water or buffer and then solidified by lowering the temperature. Gelatin is often used because it is fairly inexpensive and can easily be crosslinked by controlling the temperature . In addition, reactive functional groups can also be introduced to enable chemical or photo‐crosslinking …”

Section: Classification Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel‐based three‐dimensional cell culture for organ‐on‐a‐chip applications

Lee

Shim

Kim

et al. 2017

Biotechnology Progress

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Recent studies have reported that three-dimensionally cultured cells have more physiologically relevant functions than two-dimensionally cultured cells. Cells are three-dimensionally surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in complex in vivo microenvironments and interact with the ECM and neighboring cells. Therefore, replicating the ECM environment is key to the successful cell culture models. Various natural and synthetic hydrogels have been used to mimic ECM environments based on their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biochemical functional groups. Because of these characteristics, hydrogels have been combined with microtechnologies and used in organ-on-a-chip applications to more closely recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. Therefore, appropriate hydrogels should be selected depending on the cell types and applications. The porosity of the selected hydrogel should be controlled to facilitate the movement of nutrients and oxygen. In this review, we describe various types of hydrogels, external stimulation-based gelation of hydrogels, and control of their porosity. Then, we introduce applications of hydrogels for organ-on-a-chip. Last, we also discuss the challenges of hydrogel-based three-dimensional cell culture techniques and propose future directions. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:580-589, 2017.

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Recent advances in the use of gelatin in biomedical research

Cited by 362 publications

References 41 publications

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

Gelatin‐polysaccharide composite scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering: Towards natural therapeutics

Impact of modified gelatin on valvular microtissues

Hydrogel‐based three‐dimensional cell culture for organ‐on‐a‐chip applications

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