Recent advances in the utilization of insects as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A review

The Potential of Fermented Water Spinach Meal as a Fish Meal Replacement and the Impacts on Growth Performance, Reproduction, Blood Biochemistry and Gut Morphology of Female Stinging Catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

“…The fish were then euthanized and dissected to collect and weigh the following tissue samples: fat, ovary, viscera, and liver. The oocyte amount, weight and diameter, ovary weight, relative fecundity, fertilization, and ripe oocyte rate were estimated as per Kabir et al [ 10 , 12 ]. Additionally, the following parameters were calculated to determine the broodstock growth and reproductive performance: Broodfish survival (%) = 100 × (Number of broods that survived)/(Total numbers of broods at the start of the experiment) Weight gain, WG (g) = 100 × (Final weight–Initial weight)/(Initial weight) Specific growth rate, SGR (%/day) = 100 × ln (final weight) −ln (Initial weight)/(Days of the experiment) Feed conversion ratio, FCR = (Total feed consumed)/(Live weight gain) Feed conversion efficiency, FCE = (Live weight gain)/(Total feed consumed) Protein efficiency ratio, PER = (Live weight gain)/(Crude protein fed) Gonadosomatic index, GSI = 100 × (Gonad weight)/(Body weight) Hepatosomatic index, HSI = 100 × (Liver weight)/(Body weight) Visceral somatic index, VSI = 100 × (Viscera weight)/(Body weight) Intraperitoneal fat, IPF = 100 × (Fat weight)/(Body weight) Spawning response (%) = 100 × (Number of hormone (Ovupin; 0.5 mL/kg fish)-injected fish spawned)/(Total number of hormone-injected female) Ovulation time (h) = Total time until ovulation–Time at first injection Relative fecundity (eggs.…”

“…Nevertheless, poor reproductive performance, lack of quality feed, and husbandry requirements are major issues in managing the female stinging catfish broodstock culture. Therefore, aquaculture nutritionists consistently search for novel, high-quality alternatives of plant and animal origin [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Moreover, [ 16 , 17 , 18 ] it has been reported manipulating the nutrient composition of broodfish diets improves spawning response, lowers the number of broodfish required to achieve production goals, and enhances egg production and quality.…”

Integrated agriculture-aquaculture as an alternative to improving small-scale fish production in Zambia

“…In the IAA system, crops will provide food for consumption by humans, fish and livestock; manure and nutrients for the crops and fish ponds are supplied by livestock nutrient-rich water and silt from ponds can be utilized as fertilizer for crops (Prein, 2002;Ndagi et al, 2020;Anschell and Salamanca, 2021). Using the wastes like pig manure and vegetable wastes at the farm, small-scale farmers can have an opportunity of producing quality protein food such as insect fly larvae (e.g., black soldier fly) to feed their fish stock (Nuov et al, 1995;Mafwila et al, 2017;Maulu et al, 2022).…”

“…As aquaculture production costs continue to rise due to the rising cost of fishmeal, insects are seen as a more sustainable alternative protein source to replace conventional feedstuffs due to sustainability issues (Maulu et al, 2022). Insects have a high nutritional value and studies show that they have 42-63.3% crude protein on a dry basis (Freccia et al, 2020;Gasco et al, 2020;Alfiko et al, 2022).…”

Role of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on aquatic animals: A mini-review

“…A study suggests a combination of two different antibiotics, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol, were effective at lower dosages against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia ( 22 ). Consequently, studies are ongoing to find alternative treatments such as vaccination programs ( 23 ) and phytobiotics applications ( 24 – 28 ). Various studies have revealed the potential of phytobiotics as an alternative to antibiotics, thus, minimizing antibiotics usage in aquaculture.…”