Recent Advances in Understanding and Managing Autism Spectrum Disorders

Germain, Blair; Eppinger, Melissa Ann; Mostofsky, Stewart H.; DiCicco‐Bloom, Emanuel; Maria, Bernard L.

doi:10.1177/0883073815601499

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…La elevada prevalencia obtenida en el trabajo, si bien es similar a la reportada por el Center for Disease Control (CDC) de Estados Unidos, puede deberse a la edad de los niños, ya que a menor edad los síntomas no persisten en todos, sino sólo en un 85 a 90% de ellos; a diferencia de lo que ocurre con el diagnóstico de TEA a mayor edad que es más estable. Por otra parte, no se registraron datos de factores ambientales, los cuales aumentan la prevalencia de TEA y podrían explicar la cifra obtenida, tales como: edad de ambos padres, patología del embarazo, prematurez, entre otros 14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Estimación de la prevalencia de trastorno del Espectro Autista en población urbana chilena

et al. 2021

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La prevalencia del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) ha aumentado, variando entre 0,5 y 1% alrededor del mundo. Se desconoce la prevalencia de TEA en Chile.Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de Trastorno del Espectro Autista en 2 comunas urbanas de Santiago de Chile.Sujetos y Método: Estudio epidemiológico transversal. Participaron 272 niños entre 18-30 meses que asistían a control sano en dos Centros de Salud Familiar de dos comunas urbanas de la capital. Se utilizó un muestreo consecutivo y se excluyeron los niños que ya estaban siendo controlados por neurología. Se realizó un tamizaje mediante el Cuestionario de Autismo en Niños - Modificado (MCHAT). Los niños con MCHAT alterado fueron evaluados por neuropediatra en el Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán y diagnosticados con Trastorno del Espectro Autista de acuerdo a criterio clínico. Se administró la Escala de Observación para el Diagnóstico del Autismo - Segunda Versión (ADOS-2) como complemento diagnóstico. Se estimó la prevalencia de Trastorno del Espectro Autista con intervalo de confianza a 95%.Resultados: 44 niños tuvieron M-CHAT alterado; de ellos 5 fueron diagnosticados clínicamente con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de Trastorno del Espectro Autista de 1,95% (IC95% 0,81-4,63), con una distribución por sexo de 4 niños por 1 niña.Conclusiones: Esta es la primera estimación de prevalencia de Trastorno del Espectro Autista en dos comunas de Santiago, Chile. Se obtuvo una alta prevalencia de esta condición, lo que deja en evidencia la necesidad de obtener recursos para el abordaje multidisciplinario precoz de estos pacientes.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Estimación de la prevalencia de trastorno del Espectro Autista en población urbana chilena

et al. 2021

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“…However, early diagnosis of autism remains rare, especially in certain disadvantaged communities [16]. This is exacerbated by the fact that indications of most spectrum diagnoses and the essential symptoms are unfortunately only noticed around the age of six years and older [17]. A study [18] by McKenzie et al (2015) found that prior to diagnosis, many families may suspect something is not right with their child, but they do not report their suspicions due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of normal developmental patterns, as well as of autism and its symptoms [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experiences of Families Raising an Autistic Child: A Rapid Review

Phetoe¹

2023

TOPSYJ

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Background: Autism is becoming more prominent in South Africa and in the rest of the world. A family raising an autistic child plays a key role in the treatment and lifelong management. This responsibility goes with demanding challenges, which are unique to every child and situation. A deeper understanding of the psychosocial experiences and impact of autism and its symptoms on the involved families is ultimately essential in the development of relevant and scientifically based interventions and support programmes. Objectives: The aim of this review was to conduct a rapid review to explore, synthesise, and integrate existing scientific literature on the pre- and post-diagnostic psychosocial experiences of families that raise an autistic child. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic keywords search were conducted, and 142 relevant studies were found. These studies were then screened for relevance with regard to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine articles, published between 2008 and 2018, were identified for final inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using a thematic synthesis approach. Results: The thematic synthesis revealed three main themes and ten sub-themes that were anchored on families’ psychosocial experiences of raising an autistic child, both pre- and post-diagnosis. The themes include psychological experiences (emotions experienced, grieving process, parenting, and family dynamics), social experiences (lack of support services, and social awareness), and psychosocial coping strategies (isolation, information seeking, meaning-making, and support system). Conclusion: The analyses and synthesis of the identified articles indicated that the identified psychosocial experiences of families raising an autistic child were multidimensional and fit well within a contextual and systemic perspective. The family quality of life (FQOL) framework provides a positive approach that seeks to improve and optimise the quality of life of families that raise a child with a disability. It is recommended that families need to be informed of services available for autism and psychosocially supported so that they feel empowered to deal with the challenges at hand.

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“…In addition to problems in social skills, communication, and language skills, children with ASD have restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. In addition, among children with ASD, motor impairments are among the earliest emerging correlated difficulties (Arabameri & Sotoodeh, 2015;Germain, Eppinger, Mostofsky, DiCicco-Bloom, & Maria, 2015), even though they are not considered diagnostic symptoms (Liu, Hamilton, Davis, & ElGarhy, 2014). Previous studies of individuals with ASD have documented delayed motor milestones and fundamental motor skills (Arabameri & Sotoodeh, 2015;Staples & Reid, 2010), deficits in postural stability and motor coordination (Fournier, Hass, Naik, Lodha, & Cauraugh, 2010;Nobile et al, 2011), impairment in catching objects accurately (Sacrey, Germani, Bryson, & Zwaigenbaum, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Whyatt & Craig, 2013), gait abnormalities, problems in joint flexibility and movement speed (Jansiewicz et al, 2006), and deficits in balance (Freitag, Kleser, Schneider, & von Gontard, 2007;Nobile et al, 2011), all of which are a further basis for other minor and major motor behavior problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Selective Motor Training Enhances Balance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Mahmoodifar

Sotoodeh

2019

Percept Mot Skills

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Previous studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) can facilitate the consolidation of motor skills in people who are typically developed, especially when tDCS is combined with goal-oriented exercises. Yet, the effect of tDCS on the motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder is unknown. This study sought to investigate the effects of combined anodal tDCS and selective motor training on balance among 18 children with autism spectrum disorder (aged 6–14 years) who we randomly assigned to equal-sized experimental and control groups. The experimental group practiced motor training to improve balance after receiving 1.5 mA anodal tDCS over the left M1 for 20 minutes before each of 10 motor training sessions. The control (sham) group underwent a similar protocol with identical motor training, but tDCS was only artificially administered to them. We evaluated participants’ balance at baseline and after training. Data analysis showed that both anodal tDCS plus motor skill training and motor skill training with sham tDCS had significant positive impacts on balance, but tDCS participants who received both actual tDCS and motor skill training performed significantly better than those who received SHAM tDCS and motor skill training. These preliminary findings suggest that tDCS may enhance motor skill training for children with autism spectrum disorder, but replications with larger samples involving participants with varying levels of autistic symptoms and varied tDCS stimulation polarity are needed to affirm the practical use of this noninvasive brain stimulation.

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Recent Advances in Understanding and Managing Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Estimación de la prevalencia de trastorno del Espectro Autista en población urbana chilena

Estimación de la prevalencia de trastorno del Espectro Autista en población urbana chilena

The Experiences of Families Raising an Autistic Child: A Rapid Review

Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Selective Motor Training Enhances Balance in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

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