Recent advances in understanding cross-talk between Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Bile acid (BA) plays an important role in the absorption and translocation of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. In addition, it can also act as a signaling molecule to infl uence the energy metabolism of organisms, glucose metabolism, and the development of liver and intestinal diseases by activating receptor. Gut microbiota participates in the metabolism and transport of BA, which changes the BA associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. This is achieved through a variety of regulatory processes and is intrinsically linked to host physiology. In recent years, many scholars have used 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with serum, urine, and fecal metabolomics methods to study the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of disease associated with BA and gut microbiota, or to evaluate the protective action of drugs on the metabolic phenotype in rats with gut microbiota disorder. On the one hand, the gut microbiota regulates BA by activating receptors such as FXR, TGR5, and FGF15, and can regulate BA synthesis through enzyme reaction. In addition, gut microbiota can effectively hydrolyze bound parasites or heterogenous organisms that have been cleared by BA. On the other hand, BA can alter the composition of the gut microbiota by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the intestine. These studies provide new ideas for further elucidating the relationship between gut microbiota and BA and treatment for related disease. Citation:Feng CC, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Wang XJ, et al. (2018) Recent advances in understanding cross-talk between Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota. Open J Proteom Genom 3(1): 024-034.obesity, type 2 diabetes, infl ammation, liver and intestinal disease [5,11].Even if the concentration of these small molecules produced in the host blood can reach the same level as the drug, which microorganisms are clearly controlling this metabolic process to regulate the production of these secondary metabolites, and thus affecting the host still needs further research [1].At present, studies have confi rmed that the metabolism of BA is affected by the metabolism of gut microbiota that is an important factor affecting BA absorption and signaling pathways, thus acting on host metabolism, such as obesity, lipid metabolism, diabetes, liver disease, intestinal mucosal function, colon cancer and cardiovascular are related to BA metabolism and BA signal regulation [711,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, this paper reviews the understanding cross-talk between bile acids and gut microbiota.