Chilaiditi syndrome refers to a medical condition that is indicated by the presence of Chilaiditi sign, the radiological observation of a colonic interposition between the liver and the diaphragm, and is associated with other clinical symptoms. Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare entity and therefore, is often misdiagnosed in clinical practice, however, it may be accompanied by a series of severe complications, such as bowel obstruction and perforation. The current study describes a 47-year-old male who presented with repeated abdominal pain and acute intestinal obstruction. The patient was diagnosed with Chilaiditi syndrome via radiological observation and was cured by conservative treatment. The clinical data of seven additional patients with Chilaiditi syndrome, which was reported in the Chinese literature between January 1990 and January 2013, were also collected. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome have been reviewed and analyzed. The current study may be useful to familiarize clinical practitioners with Chilaiditi syndrome, in order to avoid a misdiagnosis during clinical treatment.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is a common malignancy. The general treatments are thyroidectomy of the affected lobe along with lymphadenectomy. However, bone metastasis is rare in DTC compared with other malignancies and the management of metastasis foci is still controversial. Here we present a case of follicular thyroid carcinoma with the 6th cervical vertebra body metastasis successfully treated by total thyroidectomy, cervical corpectomy, and internal fixation, followed by hormone replacement therapy and radioiodine therapy. Eleven additional patients diagnosed as thyroid carcinoma with bone metastasis collected from Chinese literature between January 1996 and December 2013 were also reviewed. The mean age of the 12 patients at presentation was (53.9±9.2) years (rang, 42-72 years) and the male to female ratio was 1:2. Nine cases received total/near-total thyroidectomy or lobectomy while the other three patients refused for personal reasons. The interventions for bone metastasis were one-stage operation (9/12), I131 adjuvant therapy (3/12), chemotherapy (1/12), and no intervention (1/12). During the follow-up, two patients died of metastatic carcinoma recurrence, one died of multiple organ metastasis, and one with an unknown reason. We conclude that the management of thyroid carcinoma with bone metastasis needs multidisciplinary cooperation. Surgical resection is still the first choice for cure, while the combined one-stage operation on the primary and metastatic sites followed by hormone replacement therapy and radioiodine therapy is an applicable treatment.

Bile acid (BA) plays an important role in the absorption and translocation of fat and fat-soluble vitamins. In addition, it can also act as a signaling molecule to infl uence the energy metabolism of organisms, glucose metabolism, and the development of liver and intestinal diseases by activating receptor. Gut microbiota participates in the metabolism and transport of BA, which changes the BA associated with the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. This is achieved through a variety of regulatory processes and is intrinsically linked to host physiology. In recent years, many scholars have used 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with serum, urine, and fecal metabolomics methods to study the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of disease associated with BA and gut microbiota, or to evaluate the protective action of drugs on the metabolic phenotype in rats with gut microbiota disorder. On the one hand, the gut microbiota regulates BA by activating receptors such as FXR, TGR5, and FGF15, and can regulate BA synthesis through enzyme reaction. In addition, gut microbiota can effectively hydrolyze bound parasites or heterogenous organisms that have been cleared by BA. On the other hand, BA can alter the composition of the gut microbiota by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the intestine. These studies provide new ideas for further elucidating the relationship between gut microbiota and BA and treatment for related disease. Citation:Feng CC, Zhang AH, Miao JH, Sun H, Wang XJ, et al. (2018) Recent advances in understanding cross-talk between Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota. Open J Proteom Genom 3(1): 024-034.obesity, type 2 diabetes, infl ammation, liver and intestinal disease [5,11].Even if the concentration of these small molecules produced in the host blood can reach the same level as the drug, which microorganisms are clearly controlling this metabolic process to regulate the production of these secondary metabolites, and thus affecting the host still needs further research [1].At present, studies have confi rmed that the metabolism of BA is affected by the metabolism of gut microbiota that is an important factor affecting BA absorption and signaling pathways, thus acting on host metabolism, such as obesity, lipid metabolism, diabetes, liver disease, intestinal mucosal function, colon cancer and cardiovascular are related to BA metabolism and BA signal regulation [711,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, this paper reviews the understanding cross-talk between bile acids and gut microbiota.