Recent Advances of Optical Sensors for Copper Ion Detection

Abstract

A trace element copper (Cu2+) ion is the third most plentiful metal ion that necessary for all living organisms and playing a critical role in several processes. Nonetheless, according to cellular needs, deficient or excess Cu2+ ion cause various diseases. For all these reasons, optical sensors have been focused rapid Cu2+ ion detection in real-time with high selectivity and sensitivity. Optical sensors can measure fluorescence in the refractive index—adsorption from the relationships between light and matter. They have gained great attention in recent years due to the excellent advantages of simple and naked eye recognition, real-time detection, low cost, high specificity against analytes, a quick response, and the need for less complex equipment in analysis. This review aims to show the significance of Cu2+ ion detection and electively current trends in optical sensors. The integration of optical sensors with different systems, such as microfluidic systems, is mentioned, and their latest studies in medical and environmental applications also are depicted. Conclusions and future perspectives on these advances is added at the end of the review.

Small molecule sensors for the colorimetric detection of Copper(II): A review of the literature from 2010 to 2022

“…These reviews were narrowly focused on copper(II) sensors that are carbohydrate-based [23], pyrene-based [24] or reviewed from the years 2013-2015 [25]. Other reviews discuss colorimetric and fluorescent copper(II) sensors in a range of sizes such as small molecules, enzymes, polymers and nanoparticles [26,27] or organize by the type of optical emission produced (colorimetric, fluorescent, luminescent, chemiluminescent, photoluminescent, surface plasmon resonance) from these copper(II) sensors [28]. Further reviews on colorimetric sensing of metals have broadly focused on a number of metals [29][30][31][32].…”

A review on photochemical sensors for lithium ion detection: relationship between the structure and performance

“…33,34 Detection with the naked eye, short analysis time, low detection cost (cheapness), simplicity of the system, selectivity, reversibility, and no need for complex tools are the advantages of these sensors. 35 The structure and isomerization of the most important and widely used photochromic compounds such as spiropyran, spirooxazine, 36 azobenzene 37 and diarylethene 38 are shown in Fig. 1, which can be used in the design of optical detectors.…”

Naphthalimide-Piperazine Derivatives as Multifunctional “On” and “Off” Fluorescent Switches for pH, Hg2+ and Cu2+ Ions

“…The potent toxicity of mercuric ions to living systems has inspired the development of new fluorescent chemosensing molecules and sensing schemes for detection of Hg 2+ in environmental, industrial and biological samples [ 2 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Chemosensors for Cu 2+ , a metal essential for life but also highly toxic to some organisms, have also been the subject of much research and development effort [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. It is known that Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ act as quenching agents to many fluorescent probes.…”