Recent Advances of Three‐component Reactions of Simple Indoles

Abstract

Indoles are extremely important and versatile building blocks in the field of chemistry. This review highlights the advance made in the three-component reactions of indoles between 2011-2021. The reaction types are classified into three categories based on the trigger mechanisms.Reactions with alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, imines, ketones, S, Se, etc are discussed. In order to highlight the mechanisms involved, this review has provided specific analysis inside a gray box in each scheme. We hope these studies will promote future research in the indole area.

Diaryliodonium Salts Enabled Arylation, Arylocyclization, and Aryl‐Migration

“…Coumarin-derived Ar 2 IX can undergo an intramolecular aryl migration to produce orthoiodocoumarin aryl ether derivatives. [37] X-ray crystallographic analysis verified the structure of target product, which confirmed the pathway of intramolecular aryl migration. A family of functional coumarins with 12 examples bearing reactive CÀ I bond were produced efficiently in good yields.…”

Blue LED light‐promoted CuCl2‐catalyzed three component reaction of styrenes, indoles, and diselenides

“…With the addition of Lewis acid iron bromide (0.2 mmol) as a catalyst, after 20 h of reaction, the TLC shows new product formed. Characterization with 1 H and 13 C NMR and HRMS verified that it was the desired product 4a, that is, 3-(1-phenyl-2-phenylselenium ethyl)-1H-indole (Table 1, entry 2), which is equivalent to the addition product of indole 3-position carbon and phenylselenyl group to styrene.…”

Enantioselective synthesis of hydantoins by chiral acid-catalysed condensation of glyoxals and ureas

“…Future studies will endeavour to gain a deeper kinetic insight into the reaction system using approaches outlined by others. 32–35…”