Recent Advances on Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Delivery and Diagnosis System

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in biological metabolism and intercellular signaling. However, ROS level is dramatically elevated due to abnormal metabolism during multiple pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and premature aging. By taking advantage of the discrepancy of ROS levels between normal and diseased tissues, a variety of ROS-sensitive moieties or linkers have been developed to design ROS-responsive systems for the site-specific delivery of drugs and genes. In this review, we summarized the ROS-responsive chemical structures, mechanisms, and delivery systems, focusing on their current advances for precise drug/gene delivery. In particular, ROS-responsive nanocarriers, prodrugs, and supramolecular hydrogels are summarized in terms of their application for drug/gene delivery, and common strategies to elevate or diminish cellular ROS concentrations, as well as the recent development of ROS-related imaging probes were also discussed.

Antioxidant Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

“…Besides ROS-scavenging inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles with intrinsic antioxidant activities have been emerging as a potential platform for the treatment of numerous diseases associated with inflammatory disorders (Kim K. S. et al, 2015;Zhu and Su, 2017;Kwon et al, 2019). Several types of organic nanoparticles have shown higher antioxidative advantages over conventional antioxidants and radical scavengers, owing to their predominant properties in terms of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, delivery efficiency, and robust scavenging capabilities of multiple radicals Ferreira et al, 2018;Ye et al, 2019;Zafar et al, 2019). In this section, these organic nanoparticles will be briefly introduced ( Table 2).…”

Reactive oxygen species responsive nanoplatforms as smart drug delivery systems for gastrointestinal tract targeting

“…They participate in a variety of physiological processes, including cellular signaling, immune response and metabolism. However, under pathological conditions ROS may lead to cellular damage, initiation and progression of inflammation . ROS‐responsive or redox‐responsive materials are a new generation of engineered materials, generally of polymeric nature, that changes their chemical structure in response to one or more types of ROS.…”

“…ROS‐responsive or redox‐responsive materials are a new generation of engineered materials, generally of polymeric nature, that changes their chemical structure in response to one or more types of ROS. The reader interested in details on the chemical structures and mechanisms of oxidation‐responsiveness of the various types of ROS‐responsive materials is referred to recent reviews …”

Recent Advances and Future Prospects on Adaptive Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications

“…After the invasion of bacteria, the endotoxins (like lipopolysaccharides) may stimulate and activate the host immune cells, producing a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS, dominantly H 2 O 2 ) to eradicate the invaded pathogens . Recently, ROS‐responsive materials have been extensively investigated, implicating their great potential in diverse therapies…”