Recent Changes in Tuberculosis Guidelines for Children

Anirban, M; Singh, Amitabh

doi:10.4172/2161-1068.1000237

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…TB is endemic in India, and it accounts for about a quarter of the global TB cases, the highest in the world . Almost 10% of the cases of TB in India are of pediatric TB, with pulmonary involvement being the most common site of involvement …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real‐world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region

et al. 2019

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Background and Aim Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children poses a diagnostic challenge because of its nonspecific clinical features, which often delay the diagnosis. Our aim was to present our real‐world experience and provide an insight into the presentation, pattern of distribution, and diagnosis of the disease. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of case records of all children ≤12 years of age diagnosed with ATB from January 2007 to January 2018. Clinical details and investigations were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 218 children (110 boys), with a median age of 10 (0.25–12) years, were included. There was a median delay of 4 (0.5–36) months in establishing the diagnosis. Abdominal pain, fever, and loss of weight were the most common presenting features, with the triad of symptoms present in 54%. Multiple intra‐abdominal sites were involved in 118 (54%) patients, with a combination of the gastrointestinal tract (I) and abdominal lymph nodes (L) being the most common (53/118). Among children with single‐site involvement (n = 100), the most commonly involved was L in 39 (39%), followed by I in 35(35%). Loss of weight was more common in children with involvement of multiple sites (85/118 vs 60/100, P = 0.03). Overall, a confirmed diagnosis was possible in 94 participants (43.1%). Suggestive imaging had the highest diagnostic yield of 85%. Nine (4.1%) patients needed surgical management. Conclusion A triad of abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss is suggestive of ATB. Multiple intra‐abdominal sites are frequently involved. Microbiological confirmation is possible in only one‐third of the cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Almost 10% of the cases of TB in India are of pediatric TB, with pulmonary involvement being the most common site of involvement. 4 Overall, abdominal TB (ATB) is the sixth most frequent extrapulmonary site. 5 It is an uncommon presentation of TB, seen in only 0.3% of pediatric TB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real‐world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region

et al. 2019

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“…Almost 10% of the cases of TB in India are of pediatric TB (tuberculosis), with pulmonary involvement being the most common site of involvement [4]. Overall, abdominal TB (ATB) is the sixth most frequent extrapulmonary site after lymphatic, genitourinary, bone and joint, miliary and meningeal tuberculosis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koch's Abdomen- Successful Management of Abdominal Cocoon with Jejunostomy and Second Line Antitubercular Drugs

Tiwari¹,

Deshmukh²,

Dikshit³

et al. 2020

SJAMS

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Case Report Abdominal tuberculosis (ATB) in children poses a diagnostic challenge because of its nonspecific clinical features, often delaying the diagnosis. The annual incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is nearly 10.1 million, including around 1 million children [1]. It is estimated that worldwide, 239 000 children younger than 15 years die from TB in a year [2]. TB being endemic in India accounts for about a quarter of the global TB cases, the highest in the world [3]. We hereby report a case of intestinal obstruction in a 6 month old child secondary to abdominal koch's. The child underwent jejunostomy for severe bowel adhesions, frozen pelvis and cocoon formation. Histopathology of omentum and mesenteric lymphnodes confirmed it to be abdominal tuberculosis. With parenteral nutrition and injectable antitubercular drugs(second line) for 7 weeks before stoma closure and 2 weeks later patient could be managed successfully and discharged on oral ATT(Anti tubercular treatment).We could successfully manage abdominal tuberculosis with jejunostomy(high output fistula) with second line injectable ATT and total parenteral nutrition.

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“…2 Being one of the high burden countries for TB, almost 10% of total TB cases in India is Pediatric TB. 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Childhood Tuberculosis

Shah¹,

Shah²

2019

Pediatric Infectious Disease

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Tuberculosis (TB) in India accounts for about a quarter of the world's TB cases and children are at high risk of tuberculous infection and TB disease. TB diagnosis in children continues to be a challenge due to difficulty in getting appropriate samples and paucibacillary disease. In recently revised recommendations a major emphasis has been made on microbial diagnosis and more liberal use of molecular diagnostic modalities like cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) and line probe assay. Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT, GeneXpert,) is now considered as a World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended rapid diagnostic (WRD ) and is a very simple test ,with a well-established role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear. CBNAAT should be offered upfront whereever TB is suspected. Drug sensitivity tests (DST) should always be attempted in all positive cases. For latent TB infection diagnosis intradermal TST is widely used however interferon-gamma release assays is also an equivalent option.

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Recent Changes in Tuberculosis Guidelines for Children

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real‐world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region

Abdominal tuberculosis in children: A real‐world experience of 218 cases from an endemic region

Koch's Abdomen- Successful Management of Abdominal Cocoon with Jejunostomy and Second Line Antitubercular Drugs

Diagnosis of Childhood Tuberculosis

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