Recent development of electro-responsive smart electrorheological fluids

Dong, Yu Zhen; Seo, Yongsok; Choi, Hyoung Jin

doi:10.1039/c9sm00210c

Cited by 128 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…In the literature, researchers generally study the change of physical properties in multi-phase systems [10,26,27], which result from the difference in dielectric properties between the dispersed and continuous phases. Our research confirms that neat polymer melt can also respond to an applied electric field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon can be explained by the formation of an ordered structure produced by the dielectric polarization, as rationalized in previous section. Response of PMMA melts under shear is affected by two major factors, i.e., mechanical load applied by the rheometer and electrostatic interactions [26] due to the electric field.…”

Section: Flow Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, using electric fields to manipulate the internal structure of materials, and more importantly to regulate the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material, is a practical strategy for emerging applications that has been exploited to improve the performance of polymer composites as functional materials. In the literature, current research activities are mostly concentrated on two-phase or multi-phase systems [10,26,27], while there are rarely investigations focusing on how single-phase polymeric materials respond to electric fields, with orientational polarization in their microstructures. Such materials are considered more difficult to study, as controlling their internal structures usually requires high molecular mobility and electric field intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Field Enhances Shear Resistance of Polymer Melts via Orientational Polarization in Microstructures

Huo

Guo

2020

Polymers

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In this paper, we studied the alteration of viscoelastic properties of a neat poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), induced by an applied external electric field. The rheological properties of PMMA are measured using a rotational rheometer at elevated temperatures. The electric field effect on the shear resistance of the polymer was studied by examining rheological responses under difference experimental scenarios. We find that the external electric field can remarkably enhance shear resistance and prevent flow of PMMA melt, enabling it to behave more predictably at high temperatures. Dynamic rheological analysis illustrates that the external electric field speeds up the recovery of mechanical properties of the PMMA melt after large deformations, whereas the PMMA melt exhibits thixotropic behaviors. The recovery velocity is influenced by the strength of the electric field, specifically, and is found to be proportional to the electric field strength. Our experimental characterization may provide new evidence on the tuning mechanical properties of polymer melts via controlling segmental polarization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flow Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electric Field Enhances Shear Resistance of Polymer Melts via Orientational Polarization in Microstructures

Huo

Guo

2020

Polymers

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“…This alignment enables switching between liquid‐ and solid‐like behavior with extremely fast response times and a concomitant change of mechanical properties. An in‐depth discussion on these materials was deemed beyond the scope of this perspective as i) they currently do not include gel‐like materials in aqueous media, and ii) Choi et al recently published two comprehensive reviews detailing the general field and recent developments 61,62…”

Section: Aqueous Stimuli‐responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Principles for Aqueous Interactive Materials: Lessons from Small Molecules and Stimuli‐Responsive Systems

et al. 2020

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Interactive materials are at the forefront of current materials research with few examples in the literature. Researchers are inspired by nature to develop materials that can modulate and adapt their behavior in accordance with their surroundings. Stimuli‐responsive systems have been developed over the past decades which, although often described as “smart,” lack the ability to act autonomously. Nevertheless, these systems attract attention on account of the resultant materials' ability to change their properties in a predicable manner. These materials find application in a plethora of areas including drug delivery, artificial muscles, etc. Stimuli‐responsive materials are serving as the precursors for next‐generation interactive materials. Interest in these systems has resulted in a library of well‐developed chemical motifs; however, there is a fundamental gap between stimuli‐responsive and interactive materials. In this perspective, current state‐of‐the‐art stimuli‐responsive materials are outlined with a specific emphasis on aqueous macroscopic interactive materials. Compartmentalization, critical for achieving interactivity, relies on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, supramolecular, and ionic interactions, which are commonly present in aqueous systems and enable complex self‐assembly processes. Relevant examples of aqueous interactive materials that do exist are given, and design principles to realize the next generation of materials with embedded autonomous function are suggested.

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“…Depending on the type of dielectric dispersion medium, electrorheological fluids (liquid dispersion medium) and electrorheological gels and elastomers (solid dispersion medium) are distinguished [ 5 , 6 ]. In electrorheological fluids, the electrorheological effect is caused by the movement of particles of the polarizable disperse phase in an electric field, with the formation of ordered structures and the transition of the dispersed system from a viscous flowing state to a viscoplastic state [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrorheological Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane/TiO2-Based Composite Elastomers

et al. 2020

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Electrorheological elastomers based on polydimethylsiloxane filled with hydrated titanium dioxide with a particle size of 100–200 nm were obtained by polymerization of the elastomeric matrix, either in the presence, or in the absence, of an external electric field. The viscoelastic and dielectric properties of the obtained elastomers were compared. Analysis of the storage modulus and loss modulus of the filled elastomers made it possible to reveal the influence of the electric field on the Payne effect in electrorheological elastomers. The elastomer vulcanized in the electric field showed high values of electrorheological sensitivity, 250% for storage modulus and 1100% for loss modulus. It was shown, for the first time, that vulcanization of filled elastomers in the electric field leads to a significant decrease in the degree of crosslinking in the elastomer. This effect should be taken into account in the design of electroactive elastomeric materials.

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Recent development of electro-responsive smart electrorheological fluids

Abstract: We summarize the latest electrorheological (ER) materials along with their rheological understanding, and also provide a forward-looking summary of the potential applications of ER technology.

Cited by 128 publications

References 136 publications

Electric Field Enhances Shear Resistance of Polymer Melts via Orientational Polarization in Microstructures

Electric Field Enhances Shear Resistance of Polymer Melts via Orientational Polarization in Microstructures

Design Principles for Aqueous Interactive Materials: Lessons from Small Molecules and Stimuli‐Responsive Systems

Electrorheological Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane/TiO2-Based Composite Elastomers

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