Recent developments in antibody‐based analytical methods for the differentiation of milk from different species

Abstract

The antibody‐based analytical methods for the detection of milk from different species that have been developed in recent years are, for the most part, various enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) configurations. Polyclonal and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies against total or individual caseins, whey proteins and synthetic peptides corresponding to milk proteins sequences have been used. The assays have been successfully applied to the detection of substitution of ovine or caprine milk by bovine milk and of ovine milk by caprine milk in raw and heat‐treated milks and cheeses.

Real-time TaqMan PCR for quantitative detection of cows’ milk in ewes’ milk mixtures

“…Although these methods are effective in certain instances, the main limitation of electrophoretic techniques is that the protein profile of a single species produces a complex banding pattern, and even small amounts of protein from other species will often overlap the speciesspecific bands making interpretation of the resulting profile equivocal. Regarding immunoassays, sensitive and reliable approaches capable of distinguishing between species in milk and milk products have received significant attention in the last decades Haza et al, 1997;Hurley et al, 2004;Levieux & Venien, 1994;Moatsou & Anifantakis, 2003). However, their main drawback is that heat processing may alter the species-specific epitopes, making their immunorecognition by antibodies difficult.…”

Application of an indirect ELISA and a PCR technique for detection of cows’ milk in sheep's and goats’ milk cheeses

“…For example, two-dimensional electrophoresis (Chianese et al, 1990), isoelectric focusing of milk caseins, which is the European Community reference method for cows' milk detection (EC Regulation, 2001), and HPLC are widely reported (De Noni, Tirelli, & Masotti, 1996;Molina, Martı´n-Á lvarez, & Ramos, 1999). Also, sensitive and reliable immunoassays capable of distinguishing between species in milk and milk products have received significant attention in the last decades (Moatsou & Anifantakis, 2003;. In food analysis, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used form of immunoassay because it reduces the cost of sophisticated equipment and it is easy to use, rapid and readily automated (Giovannacci et al, 2004).…”

Detection of cow’s milk in Shaanxi goat’s milk with an ELISA assay

“…The adulteration of goat milk and its products with cheaper bovine milk is also increasing and becomes a serious problem. Accordingly, authentication of species origin of milks is essential to avoid unlawful trading and to assure accurate labeling for the dairy products (Hurley, Coleman, &Williams, 2004a;Moatsou & Anifantakis, 2003). There is more practical significance to research on authentication of Guanzhong and Saanen goat milk, two native species in China.…”

“…Immunoassays are for quantitative detection and also successfully applied to milk adulteration in the past decades (Moatsou & Anifantakis, 2003;Hurley, Ireland, Coleman, & Williams, 2004b). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used immunoassay method because it reduces the cost of sophisticated equipment and is easy to use, rapid and readily automated (Giovannacci et al, 2004).…”