Recent developments in assessing the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in the environment

Dean, John R.; Scott, Wanda C.

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2004.06.008

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…24 Various approaches are available based on the ability to simulate the environmental or human absorption conditions that are likely to lead to the availability of the POP from its matrix. While extensive studies have focused on the availability of POP's from soil 25 little has been done directly related to the potential uptake, and hence bioavailability, of POP's from vegetables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper assesses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (POP's) into plants. In particular, uptake of a-endosulfan, b-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate from lettuce. The lettuce plants were grown on compost that had previously been contaminated at 10 and 50 mg g À1 per POP. The soil was slurry spiked by adding the appropriate amount of POP in acetone in an approximate ratio of 1 : 2, w/v soil : solvent. The solvent was left to evaporate at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Lettuce plants were grown under artificial daylight for 12 hours a day. The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POP's from spiked soil samples was also assessed. The average recovery of endosulfan compounds from slurry spiked soil (10, 20 and 40 mg g À1 ) was consistent (92.9 AE 4.4% for n ¼ 9). However, ageing of endosulfan compounds on the slurry spiked soil resulted in lower recoveries (average losses were 12.5% after 14 days ageing of slurry spiked soil). The uptake of POP's was assessed by measuring the amount of endosulfan compounds in roots and leaves from lettuce plants after 10, 20 and 33 days. In addition, control plants grown in uncontaminated soil were monitored and analysed. It was found that endosulfan compounds were present in the roots of all lettuce plants irrespective of soil spike level or age of plant. In the 33 day lettuce plants where the soil was spiked at the highest level (50 mg g À1 ) endosulfan compounds were determined in the leaves. The root to leaf ratio was found to be 3.1 for a-endosulfan, 46.0 for b-endosulfan, and 24.3 for endosulfan sulfate. Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of endosulfan compounds. No detectable endosulfan compounds were determined in the gastric extracts while small quantities (range 0.06-0.12 mg g À1 ) were found in the intestinal extraction. All samples (soil and lettuce) were extracted using pressurised fluid extraction and analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another probable reason for the decrease is the aging effect that makes a compound in soil become more resistant to extraction with increasing contact time. It is thus appropriate to use mild, selective extractants to assess the bioavailability of POPs (Kelsey et al, 1997;Dean et al, 2004). As n-hexane used in this experiment is thought to be a mild solvent, the extraction results probably demonstrate the HCB bioavailability in soil (Tao et al, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tracing the behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in a paddy soil-rice system over a growth season

Yang

Zheng

Zhu

2008

Journal of Environmental Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent organic pollutant (POP), has been found in paddy soils. To improve the understanding of HCB contamination in paddy soils, a laboratory simulative study was carried out to investigate the behavior of HCB in a paddy soil and rice plants. This study was divided into three experiments. First, an experiment aimed to examine the evaporation of HCB in paddy soil. In the second experiment, rice was planted in 10 mg/kg HCB contaminated soil and after pot culture at 3, 6, 9, and 27 weeks (at maturity), both soil and plant samplings were scheduled to be sampled. The soil samples comprised rhizosphere soil, nonrhizosphere soil, and unplanted contaminated soil, whereas plant samples included shoots, roots, and rice grains (dehusked). Lastly, in this part, HCB in xylem saps was designed to be examined. The results showed that (1) the HCB translocation from paddy soil to rice by vaporization; (2) the HCB concentration in rice grains was surprisingly high; (3) the observed HCB decrease in rice rhizosphere offers a potential means for in situ HCB degradation; (4) HCB might not be transported along transpiration in rice.

show abstract

“…However, the correlation between the concentration of PCBs in earthworms and the concentration of PCBs in the HPCD was weaker than that observed for the TECAM membrane. Moreover, the HPCD method required large amounts of HPCD and could not be replicated, making this method relatively expensive (Dean and Scott 2004). Other passive sampling devices (PSDs) have been used to predict the bioaccumulation potential of hydrophobic contaminants in soil.…”

Section: Relationship Between Chemical Extraction Via Tecam/hpcd and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with a hydrophilic shell and a toroidal-shaped, apolar (hydrophobic) cavity that can form water-soluble inclusion complexes with HOCs molecules. Hence, organic molecules present in the soil are encapsulated by the cyclodextrin macromolecule to form an inclusion complex (Dean and Scott 2004). In our previous research, we used TECAM coupled with HPCD extraction to measure the effect of biochar addition to soil on the bioavailability of PCBs to plants (Brassica chinensis L. and Daucus carota; Wang et al 2013c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls to earthworms in soil enriched with biochar or activated carbon using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane

Wang

et al. 2015

J Soils Sediments

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent soil contaminants that resist biodegradation and present serious risks to living organisms. The presence of biochar in soils can lower the availability of PCBs to biota. In this study, the effect of biochar enrichment in soils on bioaccumulation of PCBs was investigated. Materials and methods We applied two types of biochar including pine needle biochar (PC) and wheat straw biochar (WC), and an activated carbon (AC) to soil (2 % w/w) and employed two alternative methods to quantified rates of bioaccumulation: a living bioassay (using earthworm, Eisenia fetida, as a model organism) and a triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM). Results and discussion Our results show that the application of biochar or AC greatly reduced the uptake of PCBs (particularly less-chlorinated PCBs) by earthworms (the reduction in total PCBs concentration was up to 40.0 and 49.0 % for PC and WC treatments, while 71.6 % for AC application). We found that the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for PCBs in the earthworms in biochar/AC-enriched soils were strongly correlated with O:C ratio of the biochar/AC (R 2 =0.998, p<0.05). We observed that BAFs increased at log K OW below 6.3 and decreased at log K OW values greater than 6.3. We demonstrated that the concentration of PCBs in TECAM membranes were positively correlated with the concentration of PCBs earthworms in soil.Conclusions TECAM offers an efficient and cost-effective method for predicting the bioavailability of PCBs in fieldcontaminated soils undergoing sorbent-based remediation.

show abstract

Recent developments in assessing the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants in the environment

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

Tracing the behaviour of hexachlorobenzene in a paddy soil-rice system over a growth season

Measuring the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls to earthworms in soil enriched with biochar or activated carbon using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About