Recent developments in biorefining of macroalgae metabolites and their industrial applications - A circular economy approach

Ashokkumar, Veeramuthu; Shanker, Jayashree; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Sharmili, S. Aruna; Gopal, Mayakkannan; Dharmaraj, Selvakumar; Chen, Wei‐Hsin; Kothari, Richa; Manasa, Isukapatla; Park, Jeong Hoon; Shruthi, Sampathkumar; Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127235

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Biorefining of macroalgae metabolites is a relatively recent approach with potential industrial applications such as in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals [ 31 ]. As a potential part of fucoidan downstream processes, extraction methods can be classified into classical solvent and modern methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Microwave-Assisted Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Different Brown Seaweeds

et al. 2023

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Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is recognized as a green method for extraction of natural products. The current research aimed to explore the MAE for fucoidans extraction from different brown seaweeds, including Fucus vesiculosus, F. spiralis, and Laminaria saccharina. Following several solvent-extraction pre-treatment steps and MAE optimization, the algal biomasses were extracted in a ratio of 1:25 in 0.1 M HCl containing 2 M CaCl2 for 1.0 min. The results showed that L. saccharina’s extract was different from the others, regarding the highest sugar content reached 0.47 mg glucose equivalent/mg extract being confirmed by monosaccharide composition analysis and the lowest fucoidan content and sulfation degree at 0.09 mg/mg extract and 0.13, respectively. Moreover, these findings were confirmed by tentative structural elucidation based on Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry which also showed a different spectrum. However, the MAE enhanced melanoidins formation in products, which was confirmed by the intense band at 1420 cm−1. Interestingly, the results of monomeric composition showed that fucoidan extract by MAE from F. vesiculosus belonged to sulfated galactofucans which are known for their potential bioactivities. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the four fucoidans in concentrations ranging from 4.9 µg/mL to 2500 µg/mL was investigated and correlated with the chemical characterization showing that F. vesiculosus_MAE fucoidan was the most potent and safest. The current research revealed the chemical heterogeneity of fucoidans regarding taxonomical class and used greener extraction method of fucoidans toward the achievement of the UN sustainability goals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Microwave-Assisted Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Different Brown Seaweeds

et al. 2023

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“…[ 40 ]. The wave exposure, environmental gradients, and algae reproductive cycles affect carbohydrate profile and content [ 41 ]. Chemicals (e.g., pH, carbon dioxide, salinity mixing/aeration), physical parameters (e.g., light, radiation, temperature), carbon sources (e.g., organic carbon like sugars and CO 2 ), nitrogen, salts, phosphorous, and vitamins affect the algaes’ growth [ 42 ].…”

Section: Algae (Seaweeds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector

Dini

2023

Molecules

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Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they participate in biochemical processes and non-nutritive molecules (such as dietary fibers and secondary metabolites), which can improve their physiological functions. Seaweed polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, terpenoids, pigments, and polyphenols have biological properties that can be used to develop food supplements and nutricosmetic products as they can act as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. This review examines the (primary and secondary) metabolites produced by algae, the most recent evidence of their effect on human health conditions, with particular attention to what concerns the skin and hair’s well-being. It also evaluates the industrial potential of recovering these metabolites from biomass produced by algae used to clean wastewater. The results demonstrate that algae can be considered a natural source of bioactive molecules for well-being formulations. The primary and secondary metabolites’ upcycling can be an exciting opportunity to safeguard the planet (promoting a circular economy) and, at the same time, obtain low-cost bioactive molecules for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries from low-cost, raw, and renewable materials. Today’s lack of methodologies for recovering bioactive molecules in large-scale processes limits practical realization.

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“…Marine macroalgae are aquatic, multicellular, macroscopic organisms that, based on thallus color, pigment composition and biochemical aspects, can be classified into three groups: Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae) and Ochrophyta-Phaeophyceae (brown algae) [37,38]. In certain aquatic ecosystems, algae act as primary producers as they synthesize organic material and oxygen for the metabolism of consumer organisms [39].…”

Section: Macroalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, algae have started being used as a source of natural compounds and as a replacement for synthetic food additives [38,41]. Compared to other taxonomic groups, macroalgae are rich in biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, proteins, polyphenols and pigments, as well as certain micronutrients such as potassium, sodium, calcium and iron [37]. There is also an interest in nutraceutical preparations as a health benefit, and macroalgae have potential as dietary supplements and their consumption is associated with beneficial health effects due to the components they contain.…”

Section: Macroalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Algae Food Products as a Healthcare Solution

Tavares,

Cotas,

Valado

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Diseases such as obesity; cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, myocardial infarction and stroke; digestive diseases such as celiac disease; certain types of cancer and osteoporosis are related to food. On the other hand, as the world’s population increases, the ability of the current food production system to produce food consistently is at risk. As a result, intensive agriculture has contributed to climate change and a major environmental impact. Research is, therefore, needed to find new sustainable food sources. One of the most promising sources of sustainable food raw materials is macroalgae. Algae are crucial to solving this nutritional deficiency because they are abundant in bioactive substances that have been shown to combat diseases such as hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Examples of these substances include polysaccharides such as alginate, fucoidan, agar and carrageenan; proteins such as phycobiliproteins; carotenoids such as β-carotene and fucoxanthin; phenolic compounds; vitamins and minerals. Seaweed is already considered a nutraceutical food since it has higher protein values than legumes and soy and is, therefore, becoming increasingly common. On the other hand, compounds such as polysaccharides extracted from seaweed are already used in the food industry as thickening agents and stabilizers to improve the quality of the final product and to extend its shelf life; they have also demonstrated antidiabetic effects. Among the other bioactive compounds present in macroalgae, phenolic compounds, pigments, carotenoids and fatty acids stand out due to their different bioactive properties, such as antidiabetics, antimicrobials and antioxidants, which are important in the treatment or control of diseases such as diabetes, cholesterol, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. That said, there have already been some studies in which macroalgae (red, green and brown) have been incorporated into certain foods, but studies on gluten-free products are still scarce, as only the potential use of macroalgae for this type of product is considered. Considering the aforementioned issues, this review aims to analyze how macroalgae can be incorporated into foods or used as a food supplement, as well as to describe the bioactive compounds they contain, which have beneficial properties for human health. In this way, the potential of macroalgae-based products in eminent diseases, such as celiac disease, or in more common diseases, such as diabetes and cholesterol complications, can be seen.

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Recent developments in biorefining of macroalgae metabolites and their industrial applications - A circular economy approach

Cited by 24 publications

References 114 publications

Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Microwave-Assisted Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Different Brown Seaweeds

Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Microwave-Assisted Extracted Crude Fucoidans from Different Brown Seaweeds

The Potential of Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector

Algae Food Products as a Healthcare Solution

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