Recent developments in ceramic microthrusters and the potential applications with green propellants: a review

Markandan, Kalaimani; Chin, Jit Kai; Cheah, Kean How; Tan, Michelle T.T.

doi:10.1007/s10098-018-1582-7

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Safety performance and green environment protection have also become critical requirements for developing composite solid propellants. [9][10][11] However, using transition metal oxides as catalysts in the formation of smoke aer combustion is detrimental to missile operations on the battleeld and pollutes the environment. In addition, the current research on AP has paid little attention to its safety performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Guo

Zhu

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Safety performance and green environment protection have also become critical requirements for developing composite solid propellants. 9–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Guo

Zhu

et al. 2022

RSC Adv.

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“…Miniaturization of spacecraft, with the main drive to reduce mass for subsequent reduction of mission and launch costs [1], has gained increasing interest recently. Small spacecraft also require small propulsion systems to fit the mass requirements [2] and to provide small thrust forces for precise positioning and attitude control [3]. If a thruster either produces thrust in the micro-or milli-Newton range, or is intended for use on a microspacecraft (mass less than 100 kg), it qualifies as a microthruster [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic variation of design aspects for a significant increase in thermal fracture resistance of alumina microthrusters

Åkerfeldt

Klintberg

Thornell

2021

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Because of thermal stresses occurring upon rapid heating or cooling, microcomponents made from high-temperature co-fired ceramics (HTCC) often fail at temperatures far below what the materials can withstand per se. This work investigates how resistance to thermal fracture in HTCC microcomponents can be increased by improving the component design, aiming at increasing the thermal performance of a microthruster with integrated heaters. The effect of four design parameters: component and cavity geometries (circular or square), heater location (central or peripheral), and addition of embedded platinum layers, on thermal fracture resistance was investigated through a full factorial designed experiment. Components of different designs were manufactured, and their thermal fracture resistance tested by rapid heating until failure. Peripheral heater location and presence of embedded platinum layers were seen to improve resistance to thermal fracture, whereas the shape of the component and the cavity did not significantly affect thermal performance. The most favourable design was then used for a cold gas microthruster that was fabricated and evaluated with respect to thermal fracture resistance. The microthruster survived rapid heating up to 1460 • C and was operated as a cold gas thruster at temperatures up to 772 • C, which is more than twice the maximum temperatures previously reported for alumina microthrusters.

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“…In terms of oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) has been recognized as a green oxidizer because of low vapor pressure and nontoxic combustion products. − H 2 O 2 is a highly active and energetic oxidizer, and has been already applied in both monopropellants and bipropellants. , The decomposition of H 2 O 2 is exothermic and generates hot gaseous H 2 O and O 2 , which are able to directly produce thrust through a nozzle . In most cases, the combustion rates of monopropellants with concentrated H 2 O 2 (98%) will be promoted by versatile catalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Perspective about the Reaction Mechanism and H₂ Production during the Combustion of Al Nanoparticles/H₂O₂ Bipropellants

Niu

Xue

et al. 2020

J. Phys. Chem. A

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The combination of Al nanoparticles (ANPs) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can serve as environmentally friendly bipropellants and maximize the energetic benefits through harnessing heat release and chemical energy stored in H 2 . This work presents an atomic insight into the combustion mechanism of ANPs/H 2 O 2 . Two main paths, including the ANPs oxidation by H 2 O 2 to produce H 2 and Al oxides, and the catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 on ANP surface to generate O 2 and H 2 O, are confirmed to maintain the combustion. OH and HOO radicals as well as H 2 O, O 2 , H 2 , and Al oxides are detected as dominant intermediates and products therein. It is evidenced that higher temperature, smaller ANP size, and higher H 2 O 2 concentration enhance the combustion. Moreover, atomic details show that the H desorption from ANPs/Al clusters is a critical step for both H 2 production and ANP oxidation. In addition, microexplosion that has been confirmed in hot and dense O 2 is not observed in H 2 O 2 , even with a high concentration, possibly due to a slower heat release. Besides, the observed excellent specific impulse of the ANP/H 2 O 2 bipropellants could be attributed to the considerable H 2 production, instead of heat release. This work is expected to present an overall atomic perspective about the combustion mechanism of ANP/H 2 O 2 bipropellants.

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Recent developments in ceramic microthrusters and the potential applications with green propellants: a review

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Systematic variation of design aspects for a significant increase in thermal fracture resistance of alumina microthrusters

Atomic Perspective about the Reaction Mechanism and H₂ Production during the Combustion of Al Nanoparticles/H₂O₂ Bipropellants

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Recent developments in ceramic microthrusters and the potential applications with green propellants: a review

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Design and preparation of core–shell AP@HNS composites with high safety and excellent thermal decomposition performance

Systematic variation of design aspects for a significant increase in thermal fracture resistance of alumina microthrusters

Atomic Perspective about the Reaction Mechanism and H2 Production during the Combustion of Al Nanoparticles/H2O2 Bipropellants

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Atomic Perspective about the Reaction Mechanism and H₂ Production during the Combustion of Al Nanoparticles/H₂O₂ Bipropellants