Recent developments in essentiality of trivalent chromium and toxicity of hexavalent chromium: Implications on human health and remediation strategies

Monga, Aashna; Fulke, Abhay B.; Dasgupta, Debjani

doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100113

Cited by 74 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Trivalent chromium is non-toxic and is under dispute regarding its essentiality for humans. Hexavalent chromium is highly toxic for plants and animals [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The limitation of this study in terms of metal speciation is evident.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lixiviation of Metals When Amending Agricultural Soil of the Mediterranean Basin with Biosolids: Trials in Leaching Columns

Jordán

Candel

García-Sánchez

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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An appropriate handling and use of urban and agricultural biosolids on soils are the best means to protect them from erosion, prevent the loss of nutrients due to runoff and washing, and preserve and restore soil productivity. Heavy metal concentrations in biosolids are one of the decisive factors when using this type of waste on soil, due to potentially being harmful to crops and reaching the human food chain. There is a clear need to study the incidence of these metals in agricultural practices in Mediterranean soils. Research for this article was performed as a controlled study using leaching columns. Three treatments were performed by applying different amounts of biosolids (T50: 50,000 kg ha−1, T90: 90,000 kg ha−1, T130: 130,000 kg ha−1), as well as a blank test or control treatment (T0). The presence of macronutrients (K, Na, Ca and Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) and three contaminating heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Ni) in lixiviated water was analyzed. Relevant amounts of metals in the wash water were not found. This indicates that, under the watering conditions used, the contaminants and micronutrients analyzed are not a relevant source of water contamination on a common calcareous soil of the Mediterranean Basin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lixiviation of Metals When Amending Agricultural Soil of the Mediterranean Basin with Biosolids: Trials in Leaching Columns

Jordán

Candel

García-Sánchez

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Cr (VI) causes mitochondrial damage by oxidising Trx. For proper functioning of the cell, Trx should be in the reduced state, and the Trx system maintains a regular thiol redox balance and plays a role in cell survival [ 53 ].…”

Section: Cr (Vi)-induced Oxidative Stress and Disruption Of Cell Comp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity

Singh

Verma

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium. Leather, chrome plating, coal mining and paint industries are the major sources of hexavalent chromium in water. Hexavalent chromium is widely recognised as a carcinogen and mutagen in humans and other animals. It is also responsible for multiorgan damage, such as kidney damage, liver failure, heart failure, skin disease and lung dysfunction. The fate of the toxicity of hexavalent chromium depends on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chromium intermediate species, such as Cr (V) and Cr (IV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for oxidative tissue damage and the disruption of cell organelles, such as mitochondria, DNA, RNA and protein molecules. Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress can be neutralised by the antioxidant system in human and animal cells. In this review, the authors summarise the Cr (VI) source, toxicity and antioxidant defence mechanism against Cr (VI)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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“…Different parts of the plant have different sensitivities to chromium, and the root is the most susceptible part of the plant to chromium poisoning. The changes in root length and root count are important indexes to measure the effect of chromium on the plant (Saxena et al, 2021 ; Monga et al, 2022 ). High concentrations of chromium lead to the withering of root cells and separation of the plasma wall, which induces root apex cells to produce a higher frequency of chromosome distortion, resulting in the inhibition of root cell division and differentiation, and reducing the volume and number of root cells.…”

Section: Effects Of Chromium-induced Stress On Plant Growth and Devel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under normal circumstances, the synthesis and decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants would be in dynamic balance; but when exposed to chromium stress, the cellular redox balance is disrupted, and the ROS level in plants increases significantly, which induces hyperoxia affects the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), which are used to resist the toxic effects of heavy metals, which in turn affect plant growth. The antioxidant enzyme systems of different plants react differently to chromium stress (Monga et al, 2022 ). When mustard ( Brassica juncea ) was treated with different concentrations of chromium, it was found that the activities of SOD, CAT, and APX in roots and leaves first increased and later decreased (Pandey et al, 2005 ; Hübner et al, 2010 ), while glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) showed an increasing trend.…”

Section: Impacts Of Chromium Stress On Plant Physiology and Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of chromium ion stress on plant growth, developmental physiology, and molecular regulation

et al. 2022

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In recent years, heavy metals-induced soil pollution has increased due to the widespread usage of chromium (Cr) in chemical industries. The release of Cr into the environment has reached its peak causing hazardous environmental pollution. Heavy metal-induced soil pollution is one of the most important abiotic stress affecting the dynamic stages of plant growth and development. In severe cases, it can kill the plants and their derivatives and thereby pose a potential threat to human food safety. The chromium ion effect on plants varies and depends upon its severity range. It mainly impacts the numerous regular activities of the plant's life cycle, by hindering the germination of plant seeds, inhibiting the growth of hypocotyl and epicotyl parts of the plants, as well as damaging the chloroplast cell structures. In this review article, we tried to summarize the possible effects of chromium-induced stress on plant growth, developmental physiology, biochemistry, and molecular regulation and provided the important theoretical basis for selecting remedial plants in chromium-induced contaminated soils, breeding of low toxicity tolerant varieties, and analyzing the mechanism of plant resistance mechanisms in response to heavy metal stress.

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Recent developments in essentiality of trivalent chromium and toxicity of hexavalent chromium: Implications on human health and remediation strategies

Cited by 74 publications

References 195 publications

The Lixiviation of Metals When Amending Agricultural Soil of the Mediterranean Basin with Biosolids: Trials in Leaching Columns

The Lixiviation of Metals When Amending Agricultural Soil of the Mediterranean Basin with Biosolids: Trials in Leaching Columns

Hexavalent-Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Protective Role of Antioxidants against Cellular Toxicity

The impact of chromium ion stress on plant growth, developmental physiology, and molecular regulation

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