The impact of chromium ion stress on plant growth, developmental physiology, and molecular regulation

Abstract

In recent years, heavy metals-induced soil pollution has increased due to the widespread usage of chromium (Cr) in chemical industries. The release of Cr into the environment has reached its peak causing hazardous environmental pollution. Heavy metal-induced soil pollution is one of the most important abiotic stress affecting the dynamic stages of plant growth and development. In severe cases, it can kill the plants and their derivatives and thereby pose a potential threat to human food safety. The chromium ion effect on plants varies and depends upon its severity range. It mainly impacts the numerous regular activities of the plant's life cycle, by hindering the germination of plant seeds, inhibiting the growth of hypocotyl and epicotyl parts of the plants, as well as damaging the chloroplast cell structures. In this review article, we tried to summarize the possible effects of chromium-induced stress on plant growth, developmental physiology, biochemistry, and molecular regulation and provided the important theoretical basis for selecting remedial plants in chromium-induced contaminated soils, breeding of low toxicity tolerant varieties, and analyzing the mechanism of plant resistance mechanisms in response to heavy metal stress.

Germination Study of Some Protein-Based Gels Obtained from By-Products from the Leather Industry on Tomato and Pepper Seeds

“…The hydrolysates extracted from the leather tanned with chromium were studied a long time ago, and it was found that under extraction conditions similar to those described in this research, the total chromium content ranged between 18 and 54 ppb by atomic absorption spectroscopy [21,22]. Moreover, the previous application studied cereal crops, technical plants, and horticulture and did not signal deficiencies induced by chromium accumulation in plants, on seed germination, on plant roots, on plant seedlings, on above-ground parts of plants, or reduced growth, and the yield of plants [23,24]. 1 shows the results of the physicochemical analyses of the protein extracts and the protein-based gel combinations, which were performed by applying the available standards and the institute's methods.…”

The Strategies of Chromite Terrace in Sukinda Valley, India: An Appraisal

“…The tri and Hexa-valent chromium ions are highly noxious and mobile. They enter the food chain through bioaccumulation, affect the flora and faunal domain and affect the faunal metabolism, productivity, reproduction, and even marine life, [28,07,29].…”

Vanadium Oxide‐Doped Laser‐Induced Graphene Multi‐Parameter Sensor to Decouple Soil Nitrogen Loss and Temperature

“…One key issue in traditional agricultural practices is the enormous nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil for promoted food production, [1] but resulting excessive nitrogen oxides (NO X including NO and NO 2 ) emissions cause environmental pollution [2][3][4] (e.g., photochemical smog and acid rain [3] ). Besides, soil temperature in the range from -10 to 50 °C [5,6] also influences the physical, chemical, and microbiological processes in soil, which are key to the growth of plants and crops.…”