Recent Developments in Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys to Steel

Wallerstein, D.; Salminen, Antti; Lusquiños, F.; Comesaña, R.; García, Jesús del Val; Rodríguez, A; Badaoui, A.; Pou, J.

doi:10.3390/met11040622

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…It should be noted that in the analysis of articles on laser welding of steel and aluminum, there were no papers on post-welding heat treatment of these joints [ 60 ], while some researchers used heat treatment for welded joints of titanium and aluminum.…”

Section: Laser Welding Of Aluminum Alloys To Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the above, it follows that in [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ], experimenters used low laser welding speeds of 11–17 mm/s, and in works [ 17 , 20 , 64 , 65 , 66 ], the used welding speeds were tens of times higher (100–833 mm/s). At the same time, as a result of a higher laser beam offset on the aluminum alloy, the IMC is comparable in both cases (2–6 μm).…”

Section: Laser Welding Of Aluminum Alloys To Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review: Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and Techniques, Microstructure and Properties

Kuryntsev

2021

Materials

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Modern structural engineering is impossible without the use of materials and structures with high strength and low specific weight. This work carries out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of articles for 2016–2021 on the topic of welding of dissimilar alloys. It is found that laser welding is most widely used for such metal pairs as Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu. The paper analyzes the influence of the basic techniques, methods, and means of laser welding of Al/Fe, Al/Ti, and Al/Cu on the mechanical properties and thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC). When welding the lap joint or spike T-joint configuration of Al/Fe, it is preferable to melt the steel, which will be heated or melted, by the laser beam, and through thermal conduction, it will heat the aluminum. When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Fe, the most preferable is to melt the aluminum by the laser beam (150–160 MPa). When welding the butt-welded joint of Al/Ti, it is possible to obtain the minimum IMC and maximum mechanical properties by offsetting the laser beam to aluminum. Whereas when the laser beam is offset to a titanium alloy, the mechanical properties are 40–50% lower than when the laser beam is offset to an aluminum alloy. When lap welding the Al/Cu joint, under the impact of the laser beam on the aluminum, using defocusing or wobbling (oscillation) of a laser beam, it is possible to increase the contact area of electrical conductivity with the tensile shear strength of 95–128 MPa.

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Section: Laser Welding Of Aluminum Alloys To Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Welding Of Aluminum Alloys To Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and Techniques, Microstructure and Properties

Kuryntsev

2021

Materials

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“…In this way, novel materials such as complex concentrated alloys, medium/high entropy alloys, aluminum-based hybrid composites, etc. has been developed in the last years [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolution as a Function of Increasing Aluminum Content in Novel Lightweight Cast Irons

Obregon

Sánchez

Eguizabal

et al. 2021

Metals

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In the context of the development of new lightweight materials, Al-alloyed cast irons have a great potential for reducing the weight of the different part of the vehicles in the transport industry. The correlation of the amount of Al and its effect in the microstructure of cast irons is not completely well established as it is affected by many factors such as chemical composition, cooling rate, etc. In this work, four novel lightweight cast irons were developed with different amounts of Al (from 0 wt. % to 15 wt. %). The alloys were manufactured by an easily scalable and affordable gravity casting process in an induction furnace, and casted in a resin-bonded sand mold. The microstructural evolution as a function of increasing Al content by different microstructural characterization techniques was studied. The hardness of the cast irons was measured by the Vickers indentation test and correlated with the previously characterized microstructures. In general, the microstructural evolution shows that the perlite content decrease with the increment of wt. % of Al. The opposite occurs with the ferrite content. In the case of graphite, a slight increment occurs with 2 wt. % of Al, but a great decrease occurs until 15 wt. % of Al. The addition of Al promotes the stabilization of ferrite in the studied alloys. The hardness obtained varied from 235 HV and 363 HV in function of the Al content. The addition of Al increases the hardness of the studied cast irons, but not gradually. The alloy with the highest hardness is the alloy containing 7 wt. % Al, which is correlated with the formation of kappa-carbides and finer perlite.

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“…Moreover, Al is lighter than iron and has a lower melting temperature and a higher thermal conductivity, making it desirable for various industrial sectors [5]. Currently, after iron, Al is the second commonly used metal in the industry [6][7][8][9]. Its alloys have low weight and excellent mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Defects Analyses Using High-Speed Imaging during Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Laser Welding

Mihai

Chioibasu

Mahmood

et al. 2021

Metals

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In this study a continuous wave Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb: YAG) disk laser has been used for welding of AlMg3 casted alloy. A high-speed imaging camera has been employed to record hot vapor plume features during the process. The purpose was to identify a mechanism of pores detection in real-time based on correlations between metallographic analyses and area/intensity of the hot vapor in various locations of the samples. The pores formation and especially the position of these pores had to be kept under control in order to weld thick samples. Based on the characterization of the hot vapor, it has been found that the increase of the vapor area that exceeded a threshold value (18.5 ± 1 mm2) was a sign of pores formation within the weld seam. For identification of the pores’ locations during welding, the monitored element was the hot vapor intensity. The hot vapor core spots having a grayscale level reaching 255 was associated with the formation of a local pore. These findings have been devised based on correlation between pores placement in welds cross-section microscopy images and the hot vapor plume features in those respective positions.

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Recent Developments in Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys to Steel

Cited by 47 publications

References 113 publications

A Review: Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and Techniques, Microstructure and Properties

A Review: Laser Welding of Dissimilar Materials (Al/Fe, Al/Ti, Al/Cu)—Methods and Techniques, Microstructure and Properties

Microstructural Evolution as a Function of Increasing Aluminum Content in Novel Lightweight Cast Irons

Real-Time Defects Analyses Using High-Speed Imaging during Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Laser Welding

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