Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

Cate, David M.; Adkins, Jaclyn A.; Mettakoonpitak, Jaruwan; Henry, Charles S.

doi:10.1021/ac503968p

Cited by 1,088 publications

(787 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…cost, weight, printability, and porosity), HEPAs could be useful in applications benefitting from monolithic integration in paper-based printed microfluidic [6][7][8][9][10] and electronic devices, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] paper MEMS, [16,23,24] printable and foldable micro machines, [24][25][26] and robots. [25,27,40] Their speed of actuation, and the force they produce, however, is low (by standards of more conventional electromagnetic and pneumatic / hydrolic systems), but they are also lighter, much less expensive, and much more easily integrated with paper devices (diagnostic, bioanalytical, and electromechanical systems, for example) than are the more universal systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] In recent years, paper has become increasingly interesting as a material in new applications. [3][4][5] For example, we and others have used it for microfluidic [6][7][8][9][10] and electroanalytical devices as the basis for low-cost diagnostics, [11,12] as 3-D scaffolds for cell growth, [13][14][15] as a substrate for printed electronics, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). [16,23,24] A missing component for paper-based devices is an electrically controlled actuator that is embedded within the paper, can be fabricated by printing, and continues to operate when the paper that supports it is creased and/or folded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically Activated Paper Actuators

Hamedi

Campbell

Rothemund

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

150

153

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This paper describes the design and fabrication of electrically controlled paper actuators that operate based on the dimensional changes of that occur in paper when the moisture absorbed on the surface of the cellulose fibers changes. These actuators are called "Hygroexpansive Electrothermal Paper Actuators" (HEPAs). The actuators are made from paper, conducting polymer, and adhesive tape. They are lightweight, inexpensive, and can be fabricated using simple printing techniques. The central element of the HEPAs is a porous conducting path (used to provide electrothermal heating) that changes the moisture content of the paper and causes actuation. This conducting path is made by embedding a conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) within the paper, and thus making a paper / polymer composite that retains the porosity and hydrophilicity of paper. Different types of HEPAs (straight, pre-curved, and creased) achieved different types of motions (e.g., bending motion, accordion type motion). A theoretical model for their behavior is proposed. These actuators have been used for the manipulation of liquids, and for the fabrication of an optical shutter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Activated Paper Actuators

Hamedi

Campbell

Rothemund

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

150

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Ozcan and co-workers and Henry and co-workers have recently reviewed the literature in the field. [17][18][19] Test strips, however, typically only provide semi-quantitative results; for full quantitation, test kits for liquid samples remain the gold standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadly Available Imaging Devices Enable High-Quality Low-Cost Photometry

et al. 2015

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This paper demonstrates that, for applications in resource-limited environments, expensive microplate spectrophotometers-which are used in many central laboratories for parallel measurement of absorbance of samples-can be replaced by photometers based on inexpensive and ubiquitous, consumer electronic devices (e.g., scanners and cell-phone cameras). Two devices-i) a flatbed scanner operating in transmittance mode and ii) a camera-based photometer constructed from a cell phone camera, a planar light source, and a cardboard box-demonstrate the concept. These devices illuminate samples in microtiter plates from one side, and use the RGB-based imaging sensors of the scanner/camera to measure the light transmitted to the other side. The broadband absorbance of samples (RGB-resolved absorbance) can be calculated using the RGB color values of only three pixels per micro-well. Rigorous theoretical analysis establishes a well-defined relationship between the absorbance spectrum of a sample and its corresponding RGB-resolved absorbance. The linearity and precision of measurements performed with these low-cost photometers on different dyes that absorb across the range of the visible spectrum, and chromogenic products of assays (e.g., enzymatic, ELISA) demonstrates that these low-cost photometers can be used reliably in a broad range of chemical and biochemical analyses. The ability to perform accurate measurements of absorbance on liquid samples, in parallel and at low cost, would enable testing, typically reserved for well-equipped clinics and laboratories, to be performed in circumstances where resources and expertise are limited.

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“…Among these, wax printing technology is a helpful and cost-effective method for paper patterning. The use of ecologic wax-based ink provides implementation in fabricating disposable microfluidic paper-based analytical devices ( PADs) [19]. Especially in resource-limited areas where laboratory facilities are not accessible, wax offers an alternative technology for fabricating smart platforms for point-of-use devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable monitoring of Zn(II) in biological fluids using office paper

Cinti

Lellis

Moscone

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tHerein, we describe a sustainable and inexpensive approach to monitor Zn(II) in biological fluids by fabricating an office paper-based electrochemical sensor. By following two easy steps, consisting of wax patterning and electrode screen-printing, the office paper provides an effective electroanalytical tool that is easily extensible to a broad range of analytes. This approach would be able to develop affordable userfriendly sensing devices, tackling the lack of resources in regions with poor-settings/facilities. In order to provide more details regarding the screen-printed electrodes fabrication, office paper, Whatman #1 chromatrographic paper, and polyester have been characterized with electrochemical, morphological, and mechanical tests and compared. Using office paper, Zn(II) has been detected linearly up to 2 g/mL with a detection limit equal to 25 ng/mL and a relative standard deviation of 8%. To highlight the feasibility, reliability, and easiness of the proposed electrochemical sensor, Zn(II) has been detected in serum and sweat at physiological level ( g/mL), and the accuracy of the method has been verified by satisfactory recoveries close to 100%.

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Recent Developments in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices

Cited by 1,088 publications

References 250 publications

Electrically Activated Paper Actuators

Electrically Activated Paper Actuators

Broadly Available Imaging Devices Enable High-Quality Low-Cost Photometry

Sustainable monitoring of Zn(II) in biological fluids using office paper

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