Recent Developments in the Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials and Nanosystems for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Organic Artifacts

Abstract

Cultural heritage (CH) represents human identity and evidence of the existence and activities that people have left over time. In response to the action of aggressive degrading factors, different materials have been developed and used to protect cultural heritage artifacts. The discovery of optimal materials for this purpose also raises several problems, mainly related to their compatibility with the support material, the most important aspect being that they must preserve their aesthetic characteristics. In this context, the present review paper aims to provide a critical discussion about the possibilities of using different inorganic nanomaterials and recipes for the conservation of cultural heritage objects of organic nature (such as paper, wood, and other support materials). In addition, also are covered different aspect concerning protection mechanisms and application methods as well as future perspectives in this area.

New frontiers review of some recent conservation techniques of organic and inorganic archaeological artefacts against microbial deterioration

“…The main target of the Zn(II) metal is the microbial cell wall, which is crucial for growth and zinc metal can quickly change the microbe morphology as shown in Figure 1 . The use of inorganic nanoparticles for the preservation and preventive treatments of paper artifacts was recorded by Fistos et al (2022) . A traditional blouse fabric from Romania, dating back 100 years was cleaned and preserved using a combination of conventional and cutting-edge techniques.…”

“…The key elements controlling the growth of bacteria and fungus on organic artifacts have been identified as a possible use for nanomaterials in the preservation of organic cultural heritage objects. Microbial species frequently have an impact on a variety of artifact kinds of Ascomycetes , Aspergillus , Paecilomyces , Penicillium , Cladosporium , Eurotium Chrysosporium , Chaetomium , Monoascus , Epicoccum , Trichoderma and Stachybotrys that penetrating through destruction or enzymatic action, causing staining of the artifact (the foxing phenomenon) or result in the appearance of traces or hazardous substances ( Fistos et al, 2022 ).…”

Evaluation of the Efficiency of traditional chitosan, nano chitosan and chitosan nanocomposites for consolidating aged papyrus paper

“…The advantage of achieving and using materials at the nanoscale involve the physico chemical a nity of nanomaterials with treated objects; its effectiveness are highly increased in the case of nano size than micro size, enhancing the optical properties and increasing the chemical reactions between the consolidating material and the treated object (Fistos, T et al 2022). Therefore the present work aimed to evaluate e ciency of traditional chitosan, nanochitosan , and chitosan nanocomposite in strengthening, enhancing the mechanical properties and for microbial protection of papyrus .…”

Polyelectrolyte Coatings—A Viable Approach for Cultural Heritage Protection

“…The most recent trends in the area of inorganic and organic materials for the conservation of different types of cultural heritage objects were recently reviewed by our group [ 10 , 11 ]. However, among the several polymer classes, the polyelectrolytes occupy a particular position.…”