Recent epidemiology of sexually transmissible enteric infections in men who have sex with men

Mitchell, Helen S.; Hughes, Gwenda

doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000000423

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…In line with previously described results in Victoria, 21 we found that culture‐positive cases were more likely to have MSM contact identified as their most likely source of infection, compared to culture‐negative cases, who were more likely to have acquired their infection overseas. This finding may be partially related to health seeking behaviour of gay men and increased awareness of sexual transmission of shigellosis in Australia 33 . In the past decade, there have been several outbreaks of shigellosis among the gay community in Australia, 34,35 prompting media campaigns in NSW encouraging symptomatic people to present to health services for testing, 36 and therefore this may lead to higher shigellosis detection rates in this risk group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding may be partially related to health seeking behaviour of gay men and increased awareness of sexual transmission of shigellosis in Australia. 33 In the past decade, there have been several outbreaks of shigellosis among the gay community in Australia, 34,35 prompting © 2018 Sydney Local Health District media campaigns in NSW encouraging symptomatic people to present to health services for testing, 36 and therefore this may lead to higher shigellosis detection rates in this risk group. In addition, the finding that culture-negative cases were more likely to be acquired overseas and were clinically less severe may relate to detection of EIEC in the culture-negative/PCR-positive group, in line with published evidence suggesting that E.coli versus Shigella was the cause of travellers' diarrhoea for residents of southern hemisphere countries for 35% vs. 5% of specimens tested globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culture‐positive shigellosis cases are epidemiologically different to culture‐negative/PCR‐positive cases

Quinn

Najjar

Huhtinen

et al. 2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objective: To review the epidemiological differences between culture‐positive and culture‐negative (but ipaH PCR‐positive) cases of shigellosis in Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), NSW, to inform whether changes to the national case definition for shigellosis are required. Methods: An audit of all cases of shigellosis (culture‐positive vs. culture‐negative/PCR‐positive) in SLHD from 1 January 2013 to 30 June 2015 was conducted and demographic, clinical and risk factors were analysed and compared between these groups. Results: Of the 148 shigellosis cases notified to SLHD, 122 cases (85 culture‐positive vs. 37 culture‐negative) were included for analysis. Culture‐positive cases were more likely than culture‐negative/PCR‐positive cases to have experienced at least three symptoms (OR 3.18, 95%CI 1.3–7.5), been hospitalised (OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.4–13.2), and have had men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men exposure identified as the source of their infection (OR 28.7, 95%CI 6.2–132.6). Conclusions: This study has identified that culture‐positive vs. culture‐negative/PCR‐positive shigellosis cases in NSW differ by clinical severity and risk factors for infection. Implications for public health: The study findings warrant further research to determine the true diagnostic prevalence of Shigella in the culture‐negative/PCR‐positive group in the Australian context, in order to inform further changes to the national case definition for shigellosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture‐positive shigellosis cases are epidemiologically different to culture‐negative/PCR‐positive cases

Quinn

Najjar

Huhtinen

et al. 2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…An understanding of the risk factors and development of precautionary procedures to reduce blood exposure is instrumental for decreasing the already small risk for transmission of BBPs in organised sports 52–54. Adherence to basic hygiene and standard precautions (formerly called universal precautions) is appropriate for all athletic settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMSSM position statement update: blood-borne pathogens in the context of sports participation

et al. 2019

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This American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement update is directed towards healthcare providers of patients involved in sport and exercise. There have been significant advances in clinical and scientific research in the understanding of blood-borne pathogens (BBPs), and this update incorporates these advancements. This document is intended as a general guide to clinical practice based on the current state of the evidence, while acknowledging the need for modification as new knowledge becomes available. Confirmed transmission of BBPs during sport is exceedingly rare. There are no well-documented reports of HIV, HCV or HDV transmission during sport. There is also no evidence for universal testing for BBPs as a specific requirement for participation in sports. Competitive athletes and non-athletes should follow appropriate general public health agency recommendations for screening for BBPs, considering their individual risk factors and exposures. Standard (universal) precautions must be followed by those providing care to athletes. Exercise and athletic participation can help promote a healthy lifestyle for persons living with BBPs. Those with acute symptomatic BBP infection should limit exercise intensity based on their current health status. Education is the key tool for preventing BBP transmission. Research gaps include evaluation of the prevalence of BBP infections in competitive athletes, the effects of long-term, intense training on infected athletes and the effects of BBP treatment therapies on performance.

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“…Analogy with the transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in MSM can be considered, where the risk has been linked to sexual contacts, combined with high numbers of sexual partners . Although oral‐anal or digital‐anal practices may be safer in respect to HIV transmission they may facilitate the transmission of Hepatitis A and other pathogens spreading by the oral‐fecal way, like Shigella flexeneri, or HEV …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Greco

Renteria

Guarneri

et al. 2018

Journal of Medical Virology

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a feco-orally transmitted pathogen and one of the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Recent studies in developed countries suggested that a direct human-to-human contact such as for sexually transmitted diseases may play a significant role in the HEV spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HEV and HAV in a group of MSM, including subjects HIV, and Treponema infected, in Milan, Italy. The overall anti HEV IgG seroprevalence in MSM was 10.2% (65/636), instead in the control group the detection rate was 5.2% (15/288) (P < 0.05); the anti HAV seroprevalence was 42.8% in MSM, when in the control group the positivity rate was 29.2% (P < 0.05). The rate of coinfection HEV/HAV was 14.6% in MSM and 1% in control group (P < 0.05). In the future, sexual history, HIV status, and STI risk might address specific investigations to prevent spread of pathogens such HEV in MSM, before becoming a substantial public health problem like for HAV outbreaks.

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Recent epidemiology of sexually transmissible enteric infections in men who have sex with men

Cited by 51 publications

References 75 publications

Culture‐positive shigellosis cases are epidemiologically different to culture‐negative/PCR‐positive cases

Culture‐positive shigellosis cases are epidemiologically different to culture‐negative/PCR‐positive cases

AMSSM position statement update: blood-borne pathogens in the context of sports participation

HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

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