Recent hybrid electric vehicle trends and technologies

Rask, Eric; Duoba, Michael; Lohse-Busch, Henning

doi:10.1109/vppc.2011.6043172

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Challenges for HEVs have spurred innovations resulting in greater comfort, better performance and FE, and cost savings. Improvements in batteries, power electronics, warm-up emissions controls, accessory electrification, and driver-feedback telematic systems have aided consumer acceptance and environmental benefits (Rask et al, 2011). Electrification of accessories in an HEV can significantly minimize idling, even compared to nonhybrid vehicles equipped with engine stop-start technology, due to the ability to electrically drive the air conditioning compressor and other traditionally engine-driven accessories (Wishart and Shirk,…”

Section: Gasoline Pricementioning

confidence: 99%

History of Significant Vehicle and Fuel Introductions in the United States

Shirk

Alleman

Melendez

et al. 2017

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Section: Gasoline Pricementioning

confidence: 99%

History of Significant Vehicle and Fuel Introductions in the United States

Shirk

Alleman

Melendez

et al. 2017

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“…In this article, it was considered that the DC-Link voltage must remain constant throughout the EV operation, which may be conservative for some designs. For instance, the DC-bus voltage increase can be helpful when the load power is high [41] or during the field-weakening operation of the electric motor [42]. Nonetheless, the design described here can be easily extended to deal with variable x * 3 , e.g., by adding a second gain-scheduling variable (x * 3 ) to the controller.…”

Section: E Gain-schedulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust DC-Link Control in EVs With Multiple Energy Storage Systems

Castro

Araújo

Trovão

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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The energy storage system (ESS), as well as its efficient management, represents key factors for the success of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Due to well-known technological constraints in the ESS, there has been a growing interest in combining various types of energy sources with complementary features. Among the many possible combinations, our interest here lies in the hybridization of batteries and supercapacitors (SCs), with an active parallel arrangement, i.e., the sources are connected to the DC bus through two bidirectional DC-DC converters (step-up). Based on this ESS topology, a robust DC-Link controller is employed to regulate the DC-bus voltage and track the SCs current, in spite of uncertainties in the system. For this purpose, we start by showing that the converters uncertainty, e.g., the powertrain load, can be modelled as a convex polytope. The DC-Link controller is then posed as a robust Linear-quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem and, by exploring the convex polytope, converted in a Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) framework, which can be efficiently solved by numerical means. Finally, the operation envelope of the controller is extended by scheduling the gains according to energy sources voltages, an important feature to cope with the voltage variations in the SCs. To analyze the performance of the control architecture, a reduced-scale prototype was built. The experimental results show that, compared with the non-robust and non-gain-scheduled controllers, the proposed DC-Link controller offers a better transient response and robustness to disturbances. Further, the global performance of the controller is also evaluated during some driving cycles.

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“…In the current pedelec industry, the core problems faced by manufacturers are the structural behaviors, such as vibration and deformation, due to loading. Lately, researchers have mainly focused on the development of the electric motors, batteries and power electronics, which has laid a solid foundation for building advanced electric powertrains [2]- [4]. Improving the energy efficiency of the entire electromechanical drives was the essential parameter, while areas related to vehicle dynamics and structural properties, such as vibration, noise, stiffness, compliance, etc., are not extensively examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Optimization of a Three Stage Electromechanical Power Unit using Numerical Methods

Kolluru¹,

Doelling²,

Hedrich³

2020

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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The advent of electric vehicles has changed the face of the automobile industry. The drive system properties of vehicles such as eBikes or electric cars differ fundamentally from those of a diesel engine. The lack of a conventional internal combustion engine has made the vehicles considerably silent. Nevertheless, previously hidden sources of vibration and noise have become more dominant. In addition to these emissions, other structural properties such as compliance and deformation also appear as relevant factors for the original equipment manufacturer. Usually, deterioration of these variables affects the efficiency of the power unit. In this paper, a simulation template is created to understand and analyze these properties of the drive unit. Furthermore, new enhancements to improve the key indicators, such as strain energy, natural frequencies, etc., are shown, thereby creating a potential method flow to develop better performing drive units. Numerical optimization tools are used to simulate structures with complex shapes that exactly meet the mechanical constraints and use as little material as possible. In this work, two optimized variants of electromechanical drives are presented. The first scenario illustrates the optimized model with an objective of minimizing the strain energy of the structures, whereas the second task aids in the development of a variant with superior dynamic properties than the current drive units. Ultimately, several numerical calculations are validated using experiments.

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Recent hybrid electric vehicle trends and technologies

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

History of Significant Vehicle and Fuel Introductions in the United States

History of Significant Vehicle and Fuel Introductions in the United States

Robust DC-Link Control in EVs With Multiple Energy Storage Systems

Design and Optimization of a Three Stage Electromechanical Power Unit using Numerical Methods

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