Recent mortality and decline in mature <i>Abies</i><i>amabilis</i>: the interaction between site factors and tephra deposition from Mount St. Helens

Segura, Gerardo; Brubaker, Linda B.; Franklin, Jerry F.; Hinckley, Thomas M.; Maguire, Douglas A.; Wright, Gary

doi:10.1139/x94-148

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Many studies have examined effects of tephra deposition on forests, including physical and chemical effects of tephra on foliage and effects of tephra burial on survival and growth rates (Seymour et al 1983, Antos and Zobel 1984, Hinckley et al 1984, Segura et al 1994, Ayris and Delmelle 2012. In our study tree survival/mortality was not simply related to total tephra fall depth, although the observed mortality patterns are consistent with the notion that thicker deposits are associated with higher forest mortality (Burt 1961, Ayris and Delmelle 2012, Swanson et al 2013.…”

Section: Pre-eruption Vegetation Conditions and Initial Disturbance Isupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Tephra fall has been associated with several mechanisms for tree decline or death, including acid deposition, ash deposition effects on foliar energy and water balances, and alteration of soil gas, energy, water exchange or chemical properties (Seymour et al 1983, Hinckley et al 1984, Segura et al 1994, Ayris and Delmelle 2012. In this study, the larger mortality of evergreen N. dombeyi compared to deciduous N. pumilio, which was leafless at the time of the eruption, may provide indirect evidence that ash effects on foliage contributed to mortality.…”

Section: Pre-eruption Vegetation Conditions and Initial Disturbance Imentioning

confidence: 69%

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Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption of 2011: tephra fall and initial forest responses in the Chilean Andes

et al. 2016

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Section: Pre-eruption Vegetation Conditions and Initial Disturbance Isupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Pre-eruption Vegetation Conditions and Initial Disturbance Imentioning

confidence: 69%

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption of 2011: tephra fall and initial forest responses in the Chilean Andes

et al. 2016

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“…During this period tephra was deposited on foliage and other canopy structures, such as twig and branch systems and canopy epiphytes. Tephra, leaves, and branches may fall to the forest floor because of (1) breakage due to the weight of tephra possibly combined with its water content, (2) leaf abscission resulting from tephra interference with leaf water and energy balances (Segura et al, 1994(Segura et al, , 1995, and (3) wind. Like precipitation intercepted in tree canopies (e.g., Pypker et al, 2006), the volume of tephra temporarily stored in the canopy may experience a dynamic balance of additions (from continued tephra fall) and losses (to the forest floor).…”

Section: Comparison Of Volcanic and Non-volcanic Disturbance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of volcanic and hydrologic processes on forest vegetation: Chaitén Volcano, Chile

Swanson

Jones

Crisafulli

et al. 2013

andgeo

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ABSTRACT. The 2008-2009 eruption of Chaitén Volcano (Chile) involved a variety of volcanic and associated hydrologic processes that damaged nearby forests. These processes included coarse (gravel) and fine (silt to sand) tephra fall, a laterally directed blast, fluvial deposition of remobilized tephra, a variety of low-temperature mass-movement processes, and a pyroclastic flow. Each of these geophysical processes constitutes a type of ecosystem disturbance which involves a distinctive suite of disturbance mechanisms, namely burial by tephra and sediment, heating, abrasion, impact force, and canopy loading (accumulation of tephra in tree crowns). Each process affected specific areas, and created patches and disturbance gradients in the forest landscape. Coarse tephra ('gravel rain', >5 cm depth) abraded foliage from tree canopies over an area of approximately 50 km 2 north-northeast of the vent. Fine tephra (>10 cm depth) accumulated in tree crowns and led to breakage of branches in old forest and bowing of flexible, young trees over an area of about 480 km 2 . A directed blast down the north flank of the volcano damaged forest over an area of 4 km 2 . This blast zone included an area of tree removal near the crater rim, toppled forest farther down the slope, and standing, scorched forest around the blast perimeter. Fluvial deposition of >100 cm of remobilized tephra, beginning about 10 days after initiation of the eruption, buried floodplain forest in distinct, elongate streamside patches covering 5 km 2 of the lower 19 km of the Rayas River and several km 2 of the lower Chaitén River. Across this array of disturbance processes the fate of affected trees varied from complete mortality in the tree removal and pyroclastic flow areas, to no mortality in areas of thin tephra fall deposits. Tree damage included defoliation, loss of branches, snapping of tree trunks, abrasion of bark and ephiphytes, and uprooting. Damaged trees sprouted from epicormic buds located in trunks and branches, but sprouting varied over time among disturbance mechanisms and species. Although some effects of the Chaitén eruption are very similar to those from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (USA), interactions between biota and geophysical processes at Chaitén produced some unique effects. Examination of vegetation response helps interpret geophysical processes, and disturbance mechanisms influence early stages of biotic response to an eruption. procesos volcánicos e hidrológicos asociados que dañaron los bosques aledaños. Estos procesos incluyeron la caída de material grueso (grava), fino (limo y arena) y tefra, una explosión con una dirección lateral que derribó superficies de bosques (blast), depositación fluvial de tefra removilizada, un conjunto de procesos de movimiento en masa de baja temperatura y un flujo piroclástico. Cada uno de estos procesos geofísicos constituye un tipo de disturbio (alteración) de los ecosistemas que involucra una variedad de mecanismos, como por ejemplo enterramiento de árboles por tefra y sedimentos, c...

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“…a, b; although some old trees at site DR died after a decade or so, perhaps attributable to tephra; Segura et al. ). However, the understory was damaged and almost obliterated where deep tephra fell on a snow pack, forming a new substrate with very low N content that covered existing vegetation and organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community reorganization in forest understories buried by volcanic tephra

Zobel

Antos

2017

Ecosphere

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Citation: Zobel, D. B., and J. A. Antos. 2017. Community reorganization in forest understories buried by volcanic tephra.Ecosphere 8(12):e02045. 10. 1002/ecs2.2045 Abstract. Disturbance is a key factor contributing to community organization. Deposition of tephra (aerially transported volcanic ejecta) is a widespread disturbance of global relevance, but its effects on ecosystems have received limited attention. We studied forest understory community change for 30 yr following tephra deposition from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens (Washington State). Four oldgrowth, subalpine conifer stands had a wide range of initial damage and patterns of community re-development. We measured understory diversity, structure, and species composition and calculated relationships of plant cover with environment and cover of other plants. Overall, those communities that were altered greatly by tephra tended to converge with time on their pre-eruption characteristics; however, substantial divergence occurred in some situations. For example, moss cover failed to reach pre-eruption levels in all stands, whereas importance and diversity of woody plants sometimes greatly exceeded preeruption values. Plant-environment relationships that were significant before the eruption disappeared and did not re-develop. Smaller plants were more affected by environment than larger ones. Relationships before the eruption and also 30 yr after the eruption were primarily with other plant species, whereas relationships just after the eruption were with tephra depth and factors that modified its impact. Understory plant importance was usually lower beneath a tree canopy than in gaps, but there was little sign of interference from understory growth forms. Post-eruption soil disturbance usually increased understory plant importance, while woody debris sometimes decreased herb and tree seedling cover. Tephra deposition, which did not immediately kill canopy trees, differed from the disturbances usually studied (e.g., fire, windthrow, bark beetles). Even so, these lessons from our study should be widely applicable: Similar species may respond differently; minor, early environmental differences may induce major, long-term community change; successional trajectories may diverge from the pre-disturbance community; and secondary disturbances may modify successional trajectories.

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Recent mortality and decline in mature Abiesamabilis: the interaction between site factors and tephra deposition from Mount St. Helens

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption of 2011: tephra fall and initial forest responses in the Chilean Andes

Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption of 2011: tephra fall and initial forest responses in the Chilean Andes

Effects of volcanic and hydrologic processes on forest vegetation: Chaitén Volcano, Chile

Community reorganization in forest understories buried by volcanic tephra

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