“…The technology to build the components for such a compliant multilayer system is partially available today. Currently, self-healing foils (Hönes et al, 2017 ), flexible sensors, and electronic circuits (Lu and Kim, 2014 ; Majidi, 2018 ; Kumar et al, 2019 ), solar batteries (Zhong et al, 2017 ), and, as shown above, smart actuators can be produced using, for example, multiphoton lithography (Malinauskas et al, 2009 ; Vaezi et al, 2013 ; Meza et al, 2014 , 2015 ), wafer technology (Kim et al, 2012 ; Segev-Bar and Haick, 2013 ), spray coating (Kent et al, 2020 ), and 3D and 4D printing (Kumar et al, 2019 ; Ma et al, 2019 ). Nevertheless, one challenge that remains open is the combination of all these components into one multi-materials system.…”