Recent progress in nanostructured next-generation field emission devices

Mittal, Gaurav; Lahiri, Indranil

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/47/32/323001

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…As carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown exceptional field emission properties due to the high aspect ratios, various other 2D materials have also been used for enhanced field emission performance due to quantum confinements, especially in hybrid electrode designs. In addition to the aforementioned studies, Mittal et al presented a comprehensive overview on the development of field emission sources.…”

Section: Enhancement (Sources)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Emission Devices for Energy‐Efficient Systems

Nirantar

Ahmed

Bhaskaran

et al. 2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Artificial intelligence platforms, high-speed computation, and data handling systems increasingly need energy-efficient systems. Electron emission was fundamental to the development of transistors and electronics over seven decades ago. This technology has a renewed emergence and includes implications in diverse fields ranging from electronics, telecommunication, defense, space exploration, medical science, and material science to televisions and displays. For such a vital field, a critical review of theories, current research directions, applications, and future prospects is invaluable. Herein, the ongoing research directions adopted to enhance the emitter performance are reviewed and the relative degree of their success is compared. This is supported by an overview of key electron emission, transport mechanisms, and ways to tune a particular mechanism for energy-efficient applications. The diverse range of applications in this field, with a particular focus on electronics, is outlined. Exciting current developments in electron field emission that could revolutionize the electronic industry with a resurgence of nanoscale field emission transistor in the air medium are also discussed. Figure 2. Representation of different electron emission mechanisms: a) Comparison of thermionic emission, Schottky emission, FN tunnelling, and direct tunnelling with schematic energy band diagram. b) Typical thermionic emission plot. c) Typical Schottky plot. (b,c)Reproduced with permission. [3]

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Section: Enhancement (Sources)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Emission Devices for Energy‐Efficient Systems

Nirantar

Ahmed

Bhaskaran

et al. 2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…Several one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based nanostructures have been characterized as field emitters: Aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) films [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], single CNT [ 9 , 10 ], CNT networks [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], graphene [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], and graphene oxide nanosheets [ 17 ]. One-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures, such as nanowires (NWs), nanorods, nanoparticles, etc., have also attracted considerable attention due to wide applicability for functional devices in the field of optoelectronics [ 18 , 19 ], photovoltaics [ 20 , 21 ], as well as vacuum electronics [ 22 ]. Several studies on NWs (GaN [ 23 , 24 ], ZnO [ 25 ], W 5 O 14 [ 26 ]) and nanoparticles (In 2 O 3 [ 27 ], GeSn [ 28 ]) have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission from Self-Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires

Giubileo¹,

Bartolomeo

Iemmo

et al. 2017

Nanomaterials

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We report observations of field emission from self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on Si (111). The measurements were taken inside a scanning electron microscope chamber with a nano-controlled tungsten tip functioning as anode. Experimental data were analyzed in the framework of the Fowler-Nordheim theory. We demonstrate stable current up to 10−7 A emitted from the tip of single nanowire, with a field enhancement factor β of up to 112 at anode-cathode distance d = 350 nm. A linear dependence of β on the anode-cathode distance was found. We also show that the presence of a Ga catalyst droplet suppresses the emission of current from the nanowire tip. This allowed for the detection of field emission from the nanowire sidewalls, which occurred with a reduced field enhancement factor and stability. This study further extends GaAs technology to vacuum electronics applications.

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“…In conventional cold-field emission cathodes, the threshold field intensity for producing field electron emission is usually 10 8 -10 9 V/m [25]. According to the above simulation results, the electric field intensity at the micro-blades of the prepared cathode surface is close to the magnitude of cold-field electron emission.…”

Section: Field Enhancement Effect Micro-blade-type Arraysmentioning

confidence: 54%

Study on Low-Temperature Emission Performance of Scandate Cathode with Micro-Blade-Type Arrays

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Materials

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In order to meet the requirements of high-frequency vacuum electronic devices with small size, high current density, and low working temperature, a kind of porous tungsten scandate cathode with micro-blade-type arrays was developed. The micro-blade-type arrays were fabricated by laser engraving technology. Subsequently, the cathode was prepared by a vacuum copper removal process and impregnated with active substances at high temperature. Experimental results show that the cathode exhibits excellent low-temperature electron emission performance and that the maximum pulse electron emission current density reaches 81.18 A/cm2 at 800 °C. The cathode also shows apparent combined thermal-field emission characteristics. Further analysis shows that a high electric field strength plays an important role in the electron emission of the scandate cathode. By virtue of the electric field enhancement effect formed by the fabricated micro-blade-type arrays on the cathode surface, the prepared cathode achieves high electron emission capacity.

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Recent progress in nanostructured next-generation field emission devices

Cited by 52 publications

References 97 publications

Electron Emission Devices for Energy‐Efficient Systems

Electron Emission Devices for Energy‐Efficient Systems

Field Emission from Self-Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires

Study on Low-Temperature Emission Performance of Scandate Cathode with Micro-Blade-Type Arrays

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