Recent progress in polymeric non-invasive insulin delivery

Sabbagh, Farzaneh; Muhamad, Ida Idayu; Niazmand, Razieh; Dikshit, Pritam Kumar; Kim, Beom Soo

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.134

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Exosomes originating from MSCs have gained popularity in the field of regenerative medicine due to their potential ability to generate damaged tissue [29]. Likewise, many studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes are a superior and convenient substitute for MSCs [152,[154][155][156][157][158][159][160]. Likewise, exosomes can be merged easily with the existing compositions or carriers to deliver drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes may be combined with some therapeutic cargo to obtain promising results [158]. Injectable hydrogels are also used as carriers of therapeutic agents such as bioactive molecules in treating and repairing tissue regeneration [159]. In one study, the use of a photoinduced imine crosslinking hydrogel glue with stem cell-derived exosomes showed an excellent effect on cartilage regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Review

Bhujel

Shin

Choi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common cause of lower back pain (LBP), which burdens individuals and society as a whole. IVDD occurs as a result of aging, mechanical trauma, lifestyle factors, and certain genetic abnormalities, leads to loss of nucleus pulposus, alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix, excessive oxidative stress, and inflammation in the intervertebral disc. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are considered a boon for the treatment of IVDD, but the effectiveness of those strategies is limited. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as a possible promising regenerative therapy for IVDD due to their paracrine effect, restoration of the degenerated cells, and capacity for differentiation into disc cells. Recent investigations have shown that the pleiotropic effect of MSCs is not related to differentiation capacity but is mediated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors. Early studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes have therapeutic potential for treating IVDD by promoting cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, modulation of the inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis. This paper highlights the current state of MSC-derived exosomes in the field of treatment of IVDD with further possible future developments, applications, and challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Review

Bhujel

Shin

Choi

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…There are very rare cases of mutations in the IR gene which can lead to insulin resistance, requiring 100-fold or more insulin than that required by a typical diabetic patient [ 53 ]. In this regard, there are various non-invasive insulin delivery mechanisms, including oral, transdermal, rectal, vaginal, ocular, and nasal involving smart insulin delivery systems (for a review, see [ 54 ]). However, there is an inverse dependence between IR expression at the cell membrane and insulin concentrations [ 55 ].…”

Section: Peripheral Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites

2022

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The concept of insulin resistance has been around since a few decades after the discovery of insulin itself. To allude to the classic Charles Dicken’s novel published 62 years before the discovery of insulin, in some ways, this is the best of times, as the concept of insulin resistance has expanded to include the brain, with the realization that insulin has a life beyond the regulation of glucose. In other ways, it is the worst of times as insulin resistance is implicated in devastating diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that affect the brain. Peripheral insulin resistance affects nearly a quarter of the United States population in adults over age 20. More recently, it has been implicated in AD, with the degree of brain insulin resistance correlating with cognitive decline. This has led to the investigation of brain or central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance and the question of the relation between CNS and peripheral insulin resistance. While both may involve dysregulated insulin signaling, the two conditions are not identical and not always interlinked. In this review, we compare and contrast the similarities and differences between peripheral and CNS insulin resistance. We also discuss how an apolipoprotein involved in insulin signaling and related to AD, apolipoprotein E (apoE), has distinct pools in the periphery and CNS and can indirectly affect each system. As these systems are both separated but also linked via the blood–brain barrier (BBB), we discuss the role of the BBB in mediating some of the connections between insulin resistance in the brain and in the peripheral tissues.

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“…The relationship between the signaling and actions of leptin and insulin is more evident in obesity, where skeletal muscle shows resistance to leptin actions, contributing to the accumulation of lipids including intramuscular long-chain fatty acyl-CoA [ 5 ]. The dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism and the augmentation in NEFAs in muscle is clearly connected to the development of insulin resistance in this tissue [ 6 ], whereas pharmacological [ 7 ] and lifestyle interventions can enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity accompanied by a reduction in muscle lipids associated with an improvement in the fatty acid oxidation rate [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Related to the Activation of Insulin Signaling in the Gastrocnemius of Male Rats

et al. 2022

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Leptin is involved in the modulation of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, being closely associated with changes in lipid metabolism. This adipokine modifies inflammatory pathways that can interact with insulin targets in peripheral organs; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Inflammatory and insulin signaling targets, cytokines, adiponectin, irisin and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels and enzymes of fatty acid anabolism were studied in the gastrocnemius of chronic centrally infused leptin (L), pair-fed and control rats. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was reduced in L rats (59% and 58%, respectively). The phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and Akt and adiponectin and irisin content was increased in L rats (154%, 157%, 308% and 329%, respectively). The levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the mRNA content of acetyl Co-A carboxylase and NEFA concentrations were diminished in the muscles of L rats (59%, 50% and 61%, respectively). The activation of JNK correlated positively with STAT3 phosphorylation, tumoral necrosis factor-α and NEFA and negatively with irisin and Akt phosphorylation. These data suggest that the activation of insulin signaling targets and a decrease in NEFA content are associated with a reduction in muscle inflammation parameters, suggesting that leptin may integrate these pathways.

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Recent progress in polymeric non-invasive insulin delivery

Cited by 65 publications

References 249 publications

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Review

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Review

Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites

Chronic Central Leptin Infusion Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile Related to the Activation of Insulin Signaling in the Gastrocnemius of Male Rats

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